Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41535737›Full record

Trial reportPsychiatric services (Washington, D.C.)2026

Disparities in the Treatment Engagement Cascade of Collaborative Care for Depression in a Pragmatic Implementation Study.

Allison J Carroll, Andrew D Carlo, Sarah Philbin, Emily S Fu, Jeffrey T Rado, Lisa J Rosenthal, Inger E Burnett-Zeigler, Neil Jordan, C Hendricks Brown, Justin D Smith

Abstract readPragmatic Clinical TrialRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Allison J CarrollDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago.ORCID 0000-0002-3576-8808
Andrew D CarloWellBe Senior Medical, Chicago.ORCID 0000-0002-4349-9644
Sarah PhilbinHealth Sciences Integrated Ph.D. Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago.
Emily S FuDepartments of Medicine and Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago.
Jeffrey T RadoDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago.
Lisa J RosenthalDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago.
Inger E Burnett-ZeiglerDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago.
Neil JordanDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago.
C Hendricks BrownDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago.ORCID 0000-0002-0294-2419
Justin D SmithDivision of Health System Innovation and Research, Department of Population Health Sciences, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City.

Funding

Northwestern University Clinical and Translational Science Institute (NUCATS)UL1TR001422 · NCATS · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI D'AQUILA, RICHARD · 2015 to 2023
$56.8M
INNOVATIVE IMPLEMENTATION RESEARCH METHODS COREP30DA027828 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI BROWN, C. HENDRICKS, MUSTANSKI, BRIAN · 2011 to 2020
$11.4M
Addressing Depression for African American Adults with Hypertension: Applying Community-Engaged Implementation ScienceK23HL168234 · NHLBI · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI Allison Jane Carroll · 2024 to 2026
$718k
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001422NHLBI NIH HHS K23 HL168234NIDA NIH HHS P30 DA027828
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe aim of this study was to examine disparities in treatment engagement in a pragmatic implementation trial of the collaborative care model (CoCM) for depression and anxiety.

methodsThis was a pragmatic, type 2 effectiveness-implementation, randomized rollout study of CoCM. Eleven primary care clinics were randomly assigned an intervention start date and engaged in a 1-year implementation and 1-year sustainment period. Data were extracted from electronic health records of primary care patients attending an associated clinic during the study period (October 1, 2018-January 31, 2023). Treatment engagement cascade steps were screened, referred, assessed, engaged, and completed. Logistic regression models identified demographic predictors (gender, race-ethnicity, age, and insurance status) at each step.

resultsA total of 117,949 primary care patients were included (59.3% were female, 78.9% were age <65, and 65.5% were White), and 59,000 patients (50.0%) were screened for CoCM. Screened patients were more likely to be Asian than White (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.11) and less likely to be male (AOR=0.97), Black/African American than White (AOR=0.84), and Medicaid insured (AOR=0.80). Of 1,999 patients referred to CoCM, 469 (20% of 2,329 patients eligible for referral) were CoCM eligible; referred patients were more likely to be Black/African American than White (AOR=1.60) and less likely to be male (AOR=0.72). A total of 986 patients (49% of referred) were assessed, 882 (90% of assessed) were engaged, and 307 (35% of engaged) completed treatment; no demographic differences were observed.

conclusionsImplementation strategies are needed to increase overall and equitable reach in CoCM treatment engagement for the most vulnerable patients.

Indexed as

DepressionDepressive DisorderHealthcare DisparitiesPatient Acceptance of Health CarePrimary Health CareAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedAnxietyDepressionOutpatient TreatmentPrimary CareRacial-Ethnic Disparities

Identifiers

PMID41535737
PMCPMC12937315

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.