ArticleBMC anesthesiology2026
Association between anesthetic approach and clinical outcomes of ACL reconstruction: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in BMC anesthesiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundAnterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLr) is among the most common orthopedic procedures, however, large-scale studies analyzing regional anesthesia (RA) as an adjunct to general anesthesia (GA) are lacking.
methodsTriNetX was used to identify adults undergoing ACLr between January 2014 and January 2024. Patients were categorized as receiving GA (inhalational/intravenous anesthetics with neuromuscular blockers only), RA (local anesthetics for nerve/neuraxial blocks only), or combined anesthesia (general and regional agents). Outcomes were assessed over short-term (1-day to 1-month) and long-term (1-day to 1-year) intervals. Propensity score matching (1:1) balanced demographic and clinical covariates.
resultsIn the short-term, GA had increased revision ACLr (RR 2.00, p = 0.01), postoperative pain (RR 1.56, p < 0.01), and opioid dependence (RR 1.96, p < 0.01), but less knee stiffness (RR 0.49, p < 0.01) and physical therapy (PT) (RR 0.87, p < 0.01) than combined anesthesia. RA had higher postoperative pain (RR 1.44, p = 0.02) and opioid prescriptions (RR 1.16, p < 0.01), but less PT (RR 0.62, p < 0.01) than combined anesthesia. GA had less knee stiffness (RR 0.43, p < 0.01) and opioid prescriptions (RR 0.80, p < 0.01), but more PT (RR 1.38, p < 0.01) than RA.
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