Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41535872›Full record

ArticleBMC health services research2026

Reasons for delayed medical treatment among cholelithiasis patients: a qualitative study based on the health belief model.

Min Jiang, Yajie Shi, Jiao Liu, Yan Liu, Yanzhang Tian, Fang He

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Article in BMC health services research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Min Jiang *Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China.
Yajie Shi *Department of Nursing, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 99 Longcheng Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030032, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5756-2459
Jiao LiuDepartment of Nursing, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 99 Longcheng Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030032, China.
Yan LiuDepartment of Nursing, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 99 Longcheng Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030032, China.
Yanzhang TianDepartment of General Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
Fang HeDepartment of Nursing, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 99 Longcheng Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030032, China. hefang@sxbqeh.com.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-2707-2909

Funding

the Shanxi Provincial Health Commission Scientific Research Project 2024003
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDelayed treatment of cholelithiasis can lead to serious complications, missed optimal intervention windows, and increased treatment complexity, thereby imposing a greater disease burden on patients. Understanding the reasons for delayed healthcare-seeking from the patient’s perspective is therefore essential. This study aimed to explore the multidimensional factors contributing to delayed medical treatment among patients with cholelithiasis—guided by the Health Belief Model (HBM)—to identify potential targets for intervention and provide a theoretical foundation for optimizing care-seeking behaviors.

methodsFrom January to June 2025, semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients diagnosed with cholelithiasis in the Hepatobiliary Surgery Department of Shanxi Bethune Hospital, using purposive sampling. Based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 14 patients who experienced delayed medical care were enrolled. A phenomenological qualitative research design was adopted, and the interview data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s seven-step method to identify, categorize, and refine key themes.

resultsFour major themes and thirteen subthemes were identified as factors to delayed medical treatment among patients with cholelithiasis: (1)Illness perception-related barriers (deficient disease-related knowledge, misinterpretation of clinical symptoms, underestimation of symptom severity); (2) Psychological and cognitive barriers in health decision-making (low self-efficacy in health management, risk-avoidant healthcare decision-making, unmet or unrealistic treatment expectations); (3) Healthcare system-level barriers (inadequate access to medical information, suboptimal initial healthcare facility selection, physician–patient communication barriers, and adverse or stressful experiences in healthcare navigation); (4) Social and structural constraints (insufficient family support, conflicts arising from social or other roles, and financial constraints).

conclusionThis study identified multiple interrelated barriers contributing to delayed care-seeking among patients with cholelithiasis, spanning illness perception, health decision-making, healthcare navigation, and socio-structural factors. Targeted strategies are needed to enhance patients’ recognition of symptom changes, strengthen confidence in healthcare decision-making, and improve their overall care-seeking experience. Additionally, promoting effective physician-patient communication and reinforcing social support mechanisms may help facilitate more timely engagement with healthcare services.

Indexed as

CholelithiasisHealth Belief ModelPatient Acceptance of Health CareAdultAgedFemaleHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHumansInterviews as TopicMaleMiddle AgedQualitative ResearchTreatment DelayCholelithiasisDelayed medical treatmentHealth belief modelQualitative study

Identifiers

PMID41535872
PMCPMC12888149

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.