Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41535967›Full record

ReviewChinese medicine2026

From classical Chinese formula to modern mechanism: how Xiao-Yao-San modulates key signaling pathways in depression.

Caiyan Qu, Rongyanqi Wang, Aiai Liu, Yueyun Liu, Zhentao Zhao, Wenzhi Hao, Jiaxu Chen

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Chinese medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Caiyan QuSchool of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Rongyanqi WangSchool of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Aiai LiuSchool of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Yueyun LiuSchool of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Zhentao ZhaoSchool of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Wenzhi HaoGuangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China. haowenzhi@jnu.edu.cn.
Jiaxu ChenSchool of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China. chenjiaxu@hotmail.com.

Funding

China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2023M741396)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (21624358).Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (No. 2023A1515110693; No. 2025A04J3396)Guangdong Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Project. (No.20261072)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82430126)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Depression is a widespread mental disorder with profound effects on both physical and psychological health. Aberrant signal transduction contributes to depression by impairing neuronal function, reducing synaptic plasticity, and disrupting neurotransmitter transmission. Aberrant signal transduction can impair neuronal function, reduce synaptic plasticity, and disrupt neurotransmitter transmission, thereby contributing to the development of depression. Xiao-Yao-San (XYS), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has been extensively employed in the treatment of depression, with a broad therapeutic profile. This review aims to critically assess current scientific evidence on the antidepressant effects of XYS, focusing on its modulation of key signaling pathways. The goal is to provide a more robust mechanistic foundation for XYS-based therapies and offer insights for developing novel antidepressants that target signaling pathways. We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, CNKI, and Wanfang databases from inception to May 1, 2025, using relevant terms to identify studies on XYS and its active components, particularly those elucidating its regulation of signaling pathways involved in depression. XYS and its active ingredients modulate several crucial signaling pathways implicated in depression, including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. The antidepressant effects of XYS are primarily mediated through anti-inflammatory actions, improved hippocampal architecture, suppression of neuronal and mitochondrial apoptosis, reduction of oxidative stress, and enhancement of synaptic plasticity. Despite current limitations, this review identifies future research directions focusing on unexplored and cross-linked signalling pathways, which may support the development of signalling-targeted antidepressant agents based on XYS.

Indexed as

DepressionNF-KBNLRP3Pi3k/aktSignaling pathwayXiao-Yao-San

Identifiers

PMID41535967
PMCPMC12805791

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.