Observational studyJournal of hypertension2026
Prevalence and determinants of vascular aging in Austria - a holistic view: the LEAD study.
Observational study in Journal of hypertension, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Sex-Specific trajectories of arterial stiffness: a large-scale description of 38 million real-world pulse wave velocity measurements.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
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14 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesVascular aging (VA) is a prognostically relevant aspect of biological aging. We investigated its prevalence and determinants in Austria.
methodsThe LEAD (Lung, Heart, Social, Body) study is an ongoing, longitudinal, population-based observational study, which started in 2011 in Vienna and six villages from Lower Austria. Within the study, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was measured using applanation tonometry. Based on a reference population (no history of overt cardiovascular disease, no diabetes, no pharmacological treatment for hypertension or dyslipidemia), sex-, and age-specific Z -scores for cfPWV were calculated. Healthy (HVA), normal (NVA), and early (EVA) vascular aging were defined as cfPWV Z -score <10th, 10th-90th, and >90th percentile, respectively.
resultsIn the overall population ( n = 7926, 54.2% women, age 18-82 years), the prevalence of HVA/NVA/EVA was 9.1/78.6/12.2%, respectively, with EVA prevalence increasing in older age. The risk of EVA, as compared to HVA, was independently and directly associated with female sex (odds ratio, OR 2.8), systolic (OR 1.04) and diastolic (OR 1.02) blood pressure, heart rate (OR 1.06), body height (OR 1.03), and diabetes mellitus (OR 3.0), and inversely related to appendicular lean mass index (OR 0.82), postbronchodilation FEV1 (OR 0.81), and healthy nutrition (OR 0.69). The results were similar for the comparison of EVA and NVA, adding an independently increased risk for EVA with regular alcohol intake (OR 1.37) and low income (OR 1.21).
conclusionsWe observed a high percentage of EVA in Austria, determined by classical and nonclassical risk factors. The latter may offer novel targets for prevention.
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