Evidence mapPaperPMID 41540341Full record

Trial reportBMC cardiovascular disorders2026

Remote ischemic conditioning combined with transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation reduces reperfusion injuries and improves cardiac function in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctions.

Ling Wang, Zhi-Chuan Zhuang, Yin-Yin Wu, Jin-Tao Yang, Li-Li Liu

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ling WangDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China. wanglingqz2023@sina.com.
Zhi-Chuan ZhuangThe School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 362000, China.
Yin-Yin WuDepartment of Endocrinology, Jinjiang Hospital, Jinjiang, Fujian Province, 362200, China.
Jin-Tao YangThe School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 362000, China.
Li-Li LiuThe School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 362000, China.

Funding

the Quanzhou Science and Technology Plan Project 2019C031R
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo investigate whether transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (TVNS) combined with left upper limb remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) before primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with an acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) can reduce reperfusion injury and improve cardiac function.

methodsOne hundred and thirty-two patients with STEMI were randomly assigned to three different groups—Control, TVNS, and Combined (RIC combined with TVNS) before PCI. The groups were compared by calculating and comparing the area under curve (AUC) of a CK-MB test within 72 h of incidence, the severity of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) within 24 h after reperfusion, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) via echocardiography seven days after reperfusion.

resultsCompared with the control group, the combined group demonstrated significantly decreased areas under the curve (AUCs). Specifically, the incidence of VAs within 24 h after reperfusion and BNP levels seven days post-reperfusion were significantly reduced, while the LVEF values at seven days exhibited a significant improvement (P < 0.05).In contrast, when compared with the control group, the group receiving only TVNS showed a reduction in the incidence of VAs within 24 h after reperfusion. Although the AUC test presented a decreasing trend, the difference was not statistically significant. Additionally, BNP levels and LVEF values in this group did not show significant improvements (P > 0.05).

conclusionsWhen administered alone, TVNS treatment significantly reduced the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) after reperfusion. However, in the acute phase post-reperfusion, there was no significant difference in myocardial infarct size or left ventricular systolic function, despite a tendency towards improvement. In contrast, the combination of TVNS and RIC treatment led to improvements in left ventricular systolic function, reductions in myocardial infarct size, and decreases in the incidence of VAs.

Indexed as

Ischemic Preconditioning, MyocardialMyocardial Reperfusion InjuryPercutaneous Coronary InterventionST Elevation Myocardial InfarctionTranscutaneous Electric Nerve StimulationUpper ExtremityVagus Nerve StimulationVentricular Function, LeftAgedArrhythmias, CardiacBiomarkersCombined Modality TherapyFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedBiomarkersAcute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctionIschemic reperfusion injuryRemote ischemic conditioningTranscutaneous vagus nerve stimulation

Identifiers

PMID41540341
PMCPMC12892503

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.