ArticleCurrent drug delivery2026
Preparation of Dual-Drug-Loaded Liver-Targeted Liposomes Co-Modified with SP94 Peptide and TAT Peptide.
Article in Current drug delivery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Stimuli-Responsive Cell-Mimetic Vesicles for Advanced Pharmaceutical Systems.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe toxicity of nontargeted chemotherapy hinders liver cancer treatment. This study developed dual-peptide (SP94/TAT) co-modified liposomes (SP94/TAT-DOX/DTX-LPs) for enhanced targeting and efficacy.
methodsLiposomes encapsulating docetaxel (DTX) and doxorubicin (DOX) were prepared via film dispersion/ammonium sulfate gradient using DSPE-PEG, lecithin, and cholesterol. SP94 (targeting) and TAT (penetrating) peptides were conjugated via organic phase reaction/insertion. Their physicochemical properties, encapsulation efficiency, stability, drug release, and in vitro antitumor activity were evaluated.
resultsOptimized SP94/TAT-DOX/DTX-LPs were spherical (119.6 ± 4.1 nm; PDI 0.161 ± 0.006; zeta -9.84 ± 1.54 mV), and their encapsulation efficiency was high (DOX: 92.97 ± 1.73%; DTX: 80.33 ± 0.96%). Stability was confirmed at 4 °C for 30 days (PDI < 0.2, size change < 10%) and in 50% fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 24 hours (transmittance > 90%). Sustained release showed 68.2 ± 3.5% (DTX) and 74.8 ± 2.9% (DOX) cumulative release at 48h (PBS pH 7.4). In vitro, SP94/TATDOX- LPs showed 2.3-fold higher HepG2 cellular uptake versus single-modified liposomes (p<0.001), with minimal LO2 uptake. Cytotoxicity assays revealed a 3.11-fold lower IC50 (0.096 ± 0.026 μg/mL) versus unmodified liposomes (0.299 ± 0.103 μg/mL). Apoptosis was significantly higher (39.5% in HepG2) than in single-modified formulations (20.55-26.74%). DISCUSSION: SP94/TAT-LPs enable dual-stage targeting: SP94 targets liver cancer cells, and TAT enhances penetration, significantly improving in vitro antitumor activity. Study limitations include sole in vitro validation (HepG2/LO2), small sample size (n=3), parameter variability, and lack of in vivo data on targeting, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity.
conclusionSP94/TAT-DOX/DTX-LPs achieved effective dual-stage targeting and synergistic cytotoxicity. High encapsulation, stability, and sustained release support their potential as a targeted platform for liver cancer therapy, reducing off-target toxicity.
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