ArticleJournal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI2026
Evaluation of Brain Microstructural Alterations in Preschool Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Voxel-Wise Multimodal MRI Study.
Article in Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Neurodevelopmental disorders in children: the role of MRI in early detection and intervention planning.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
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8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) presents with early neurodevelopmental alterations in preschool children, yet comprehensive characterization using multimodal quantitative MRI remains limited in this age group. PURPOSE: To investigate voxel-wise brain microstructural differences in preschool ASD through integrated analysis of cerebral perfusion, multiparametric relaxometry, and magnetic susceptibility. STUDY TYPE: Prospective case-control. POPULATION: Twenty nine-children with ASD (age 2-6 years; 23 males/6 females) and 25 age-/sex-matched healthy controls (HC). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 3.0 T MRI; high-resolution 3D-T1WI, quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), synthetic MRI (SyMRI), 3D pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (3D-pCASL). ASSESSMENT: Clinical assessments included the Gesell Developmental Schedules (GDS) and Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Imaging analysis consisted of voxel-wise whole-brain assessment of QSM, T1/T2/PD, and cerebral blood flow (CBF) maps. STATISTICAL TESTS: General linear models with cluster-based thresholding were applied for group comparison; Spearman's rank correlation with Bonferroni correction was used for clinical associations; and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis with Delong's test was performed to compare diagnostic performance based on the areas under the curve (AUCs).
resultsCompared to HC, children with ASD showed decreased QSM values in the left superior/middle frontal gyri (SFG/MFG; cluster = 212 voxels, peak T = 5.55, p < 0.001). They also had reduced T1 relaxation times in bilateral SFG/MFG/precentral/postcentral gyri (four clusters: 315-750 voxels, peak T = 5.11-5.88, all p < 0.001). QSM values in the left SFG/MFG correlated positively with fine motor scores (r = 0.630, p < 0.001), while T1 values in the bilateral precentral/postcentral gyri correlated with gross motor scores (right: r = 0.548, p = 0.002; left: r = 0.461, p = 0.012). ROC analysis showed high diagnostic accuracy for both QSM (left SFG/MFG AUC = 0.858) and T1 values (left SFG/MFG AUC = 0.905; bilateral precentral/postcentral gyri AUC = 0.892-0.908). DATA
conclusionPreschool ASD demonstrates prefrontal iron deficiency (reduced QSM) and sensorimotor myelination alterations (decreased T1), which correlate with motor deficits and show high diagnostic efficacy. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 2. TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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