Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41545301›Full record

ArticleJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2026

Therapeutic vaccination for glioblastoma elicited by retargeted oncolytic herpes virus.

Francesca Piaggio, Chiara Riviera, Francesco Alessandrini, Daniela Marubbi, Davide Ceresa, Irene Appolloni, Agnese Vincenzi, Tatiana Gianni, Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume, Paolo Malatesta

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Francesca PiaggioIRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy francesca.piaggio@aomliguria.it paolo.malatesta@unige.it tatiana.gianni3@unibo.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0379-0047
Chiara RivieraIRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-5518-9610
Francesco AlessandriniDipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8450-848X
Daniela MarubbiIRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-2565-5681
Davide CeresaDipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2833-4024
Irene AppolloniIRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0986-2278
Agnese VincenziIRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9806-9804
Tatiana GianniDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy francesca.piaggio@aomliguria.it paolo.malatesta@unige.it tatiana.gianni3@unibo.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1946-2064
Gabriella Campadelli-FiumeDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6012-6081
Paolo MalatestaIRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy francesca.piaggio@aomliguria.it paolo.malatesta@unige.it tatiana.gianni3@unibo.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3045-3361

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGlioblastoma is an aggressive tumor with poor prognosis and limited treatment options due to its resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, high heterogeneity, and ability to evade the immune system. Nevertheless, immunotherapy and oncolytic virotherapy are emerging as promising strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of an engineered oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus for glioblastoma treatment.

methodsWe investigated the efficacy of R-115, a retargeted oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus directed against the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and engineered to express murine interleukin-12, in an immunocompetent glioblastoma model that recapitulates HER2 tumor heterogeneity. We tested the translatability and reliability of R-115 by assessing overall survival in HER2

resultsR-115 exhibited potent cytotoxic and immune-stimulatory effects, significantly prolonging survival and eradicating tumors in approximately 25% of treated mice independently from tumor composition and treatment schedule. Furthermore, it induced long-term immune memory, enabling the eradication of secondary transplanted tumors, effectively acting as a tumor-agnostic vaccination. Notably, in addition to the direct oncolysis mediated by the virus, R-115 treatment induced an immune response even against HER2-negative glioblastoma cells, potentially via cross-presentation or epitope spreading.

conclusionsOur findings candidate R-115 as a promising alternative to standard glioblastoma treatments and support further investigation to advance its clinical application.

Indexed as

Brain NeoplasmsGlioblastomaOncolytic VirotherapyOncolytic VirusesSimplexvirusAnimalsCell Line, TumorErb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine KinasesFemaleHumansInterleukin-12MiceVaccinationErb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine KinasesInterleukin-12Central Nervous System CancerImmunotherapyOncolytic virusVaccine

Identifiers

PMID41545301
PMCPMC12815124

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.