ArticleNature medicine2026
Global burden of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioid use in 204 countries, 1990-2023: a Global Burden of Disease Study.
Article in Nature medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Patterns of Detecting Substances of Abuse in a Large Series of Patients in Spain During 2021-2025.Clinics and practice · 2026Article
- Recovery Capital and Family Support Among Incarcerated Men with a History of Psychoactive Substance Use in a Single Romanian Penitentiary: A Qualitative Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Unemployment & opioid use disorder - socio-medical assessment results by the Medical Service of the German Federal Employment Agency.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2026Article
- Individualized prediction of heroin cue-induced craving using task-based EEG functional connectivity.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Regional perspectives: Substance use related problems in Ethiopia.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Review
- Prevalence and associated factors of opioid-related disorders among patients with chronic pain: a single-center retrospective study in a Chinese tertiary hospital.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Article
- Substance abuse and inflammation: consequences beyond the brain.Trends in immunology · 2026Review
- School-based drug prevention in Saudi Arabia: are physical education teachers prepared to act?Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Aerobic exercise for substance use disorders: therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Drug use disorders (DUDs) are emerging global public health challenges. Here we investigated the global and regional estimates of the prevalence and burden of DUDs, including amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioid use disorders, from 1990 to 2023 for 204 countries and territories by using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. Overall, trends in global age-standardized disability-adjusted life-years of DUDs increased from 169.3 (95% uncertainty interval (95% UI), 134.4-203.9) per 100,000 people in 1990 to 212.0 (95% UI, 179.2-245.6) in 2023. In 2023, both prevalence and burden of DUDs were higher in high-income countries, particularly in the USA. The most prevalent DUDs in 2023 were cannabis use disorder (age-standardized prevalence, 270.8 (95% UI, 201.7-350.0) per 100,000 people) and opioid use disorder (205.9 (95% UI, 178.7-235.0)). Particularly, opioid use disorder showed a nearly twofold increase in prevalence and burden between 1990 and 2023. In 2023, compared with countries where cannabis use was illegal, countries permitting both recreational and medical cannabis use had higher prevalence rates for all types of DUDs. Proactive and effective policies are essential to mitigate the increasing global burden of DUDs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41545593What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.