Evidence mapPaperPMID 41545821Full record

SynthesisBMC psychiatry2026

Does physical activity really improve anxiety and depression in overweight or obese children and adolescents? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Jie Men, Yuxi Zhang, Simin Wu, Pengbo Wang, Zhengyang Yu, Guoyu Zhu, Jingwen Wang, Weiqi An, Zhaowei Li, Penghong Liu

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
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0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Jie Men *Shanxi College of Medicine, Fenyang, 032200, China. menjie2020@126.com.
Yuxi Zhang *Shanxi College of Medicine, Fenyang, 032200, China.
Simin Wu *Shanxi College of Medicine, Fenyang, 032200, China.
Pengbo WangShanxi College of Medicine, Fenyang, 032200, China.
Zhengyang YuShanxi College of Medicine, Fenyang, 032200, China.
Guoyu ZhuShanxi College of Medicine, Fenyang, 032200, China.
Jingwen WangShanxi College of Medicine, Fenyang, 032200, China.
Weiqi AnShanxi College of Medicine, Fenyang, 032200, China.
Zhaowei LiShanxi College of Medicine, Fenyang, 032200, China.
Penghong LiuThe First Clinical Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.

Funding

he Shanxi Provincial Higher Education Teaching Reform and Innovation Project J20250360Research Project on Youth Development in Shanxi Province QSNFZ25056the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Program of Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University FDC2024014the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Program of Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University FDC2024047the Key Project of Shanxi Provincial Social Sciences Association SSKLZDKT2025327the National Natural Science Foundation of China 82201691the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shanxi Provincial Education Department 2024L483the Teaching Reform and Innovation Project of Fenyang College, Shanxi Medical University FJ2024007
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo evaluate the effects of physical activity (PA) on anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and self-worth in overweight/obese children and adolescents.

methodsA systematic search of six databases was conducted from inception to March 1, 2025. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effects of PA on mental health outcomes in children and adolescents (aged 5–19 years) with overweight/obesity were included.

resultsNineteen RCTs (1,795 participants) were analyzed. PA was associated with improvements in anxiety (SMD = -0.98, 95% CI -1.90 to -0.05, P = 0.04), depression (SMD = -0.15, 95% CI -0.25 to -0.05, P = 0.005), self-esteem (SMD = 0.19, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.35, P = 0.02), and self-worth (SMD = 0.34, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.49, P = 0.0002). However, the evidence for anxiety was of low certainty, and the improvements in depression and self-esteem were modest. The effects were also modulated by age, obesity level, and race.

conclusionPA was associated with small to modest improvements in mental health outcomes among young people. While PA may reduce anxiety, the evidence is uncertain, and the observed effects on depression and self-esteem appear small and of modest clinical relevance, supporting PA as an adjunctive mental health strategy. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.

Indexed as

AnxietyDepressionExerciseOverweightPediatric ObesityAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolHumansRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicSelf ConceptAdolescentsAnxietyChildrenDepressionObeseOverweightPhysical activity

Identifiers

PMID41545821
PMCPMC12892821

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.