Evidence mapPaperPMID 41545880Full record

ArticleBMC veterinary research2026

Effects of supplementary protein source, autoclaving diets, and gender on biochemical blood parameters, oxidative stress markers, and caecal fermentation in rats.

Kamil Gawin, Anna Tuśnio, Marcin Barszcz, Marcin Taciak, Ewa Święch, Adrianna Konopka, Natalia Frączek, Magdalena Szumska, Barbara Pastuszewska

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC veterinary research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Kamil GawinDepartment of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, Jabłonna, 05-110, Poland. k.gawin@ifzz.pl.
Anna TuśnioDepartment of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, Jabłonna, 05-110, Poland.
Marcin BarszczDepartment of Animal Nutrition, Laboratory of Analysis of Gastrointestinal Tract Protective Barrier, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, Jabłonna, 05-110, Poland.
Marcin TaciakDepartment of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, Warsaw, 02-786, Poland.
Ewa ŚwięchDepartment of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, Jabłonna, 05-110, Poland.
Adrianna KonopkaDepartment of Animal Nutrition, Laboratory of Analysis of Gastrointestinal Tract Protective Barrier, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, Jabłonna, 05-110, Poland.
Natalia FrączekDepartment of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, Jabłonna, 05-110, Poland.
Magdalena SzumskaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Poniatowskiego 15, Katowice, 40-055, Poland.
Barbara PastuszewskaDepartment of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, Jabłonna, 05-110, Poland.

Funding

National Centre for Research and Development in Poland NR12 0035 06
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe study aimed to assess the effects of supplementary protein source, thermal processing of diets, and gender on the health status of rats over a six-month-long feeding trial. The experiment was performed on 216 adult Crl:W (Han) Wistar rats, 108 males and 108 females, divided into nine groups fed a commercial SSNIFF (SN) diet or cereal-based diets containing soybean meal (SBM), or sodium caseinate (NaC) as a supplementary protein sources. The diets were non-autoclaved (T0), autoclaved at 121 °C for 20 min (T1), or autoclaved at 134 °C for 10 min (T2).

resultsMales displayed higher levels of amylase, phosphorus, glucose, and uric acid and lower levels of albumin, bilirubin, and iron in the blood than females. Males also experienced greater oxidative stress. In contrast, female rats had higher concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the caecal digesta. Rats fed SBM and NaC diets had similar blood biochemical parameters, though NaC groups had higher cholesterol, triglycerides, and alanine aminotransferase levels. Oxidative stress markers were lower in rats fed SBM and NaC diets, which also aligned with increased SCFA concentrations in ceacal digesta in those animals. Autoclaved diets reduced feed intake and body weight gain and increased isoacids concentrations.

conclusionThe SBM diet appeared more beneficial than NaC diet due to an improvement in prooxidants-antioxidants balance and caecal fermentation. Feeding autoclaved diets reduced feed intake and body weight gain but had no negative impact on blood parameters and weights of internal organs. Autoclaving according to the T1 program can be recommended for laboratory animal breeding. Numerous interactions indicate a need for further studies to elucidate the mechanisms underlying different response of males and females to a diet.

Indexed as

Animal FeedCecumDietDietary ProteinsOxidative StressAnimal Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaAnimalsBiomarkersCaseinsFemaleFermentationFood, ProcessedHot TemperatureMaleRatsRats, WistarBiomarkersCaseinsDietary ProteinsAntioxidative enzymesAutoclavingBlood parametersCaseinSoybean meal

Identifiers

PMID41545880
PMCPMC13059497

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.