MitoCommun: a database for decoding mitochondrial communication networks.

Mitochondria are highly dynamic signaling organelles that engage in continuous bidirectional communication with the cytoplasm and participate in biological processes such as cell death, inflammation, and epigenetic modification. Mitochondria receive, process and export various types of signals, ranging from metabolites to non-coding RNAs. Despite their central importance, progress in understanding mitochondrial signaling has been hampered by the fragmented characterization of their communication networks. In this study, we present MitoCommun, a manually curated database comprising 580 mitochondria-derived signaling events from five model species: Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Caenorhabditis elegans. Specifically, MitoCommun features 233 well-annotated mitochondrial signaling molecules, defined by either mitochondrial origin or specific organelle localization. These molecular entities have been systematically paired with their receptors and functionally mapped into explicit pathways and interaction networks. Furthermore, we have reconstructed signaling networks across phylogenetically divergent species, functionally distinct biological processes, and inter-organelle communication systems, yielding comprehensive topological maps of mitochondrial signaling cascades. By integrating these resources, MitoCommun establishes a foundational framework for decoding mitochondrial communication and serves as a versatile, user-friendly platform for exploring organelle signaling networks, which is freely accessible at http://mitocommun.qscn.online/ .