ArticleBMC microbiology2026
Molecular epidemiology of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in clinical samples from Jiangxi Province, 2021-2023.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundNon-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in tuberculosis (TB)-endemic regions like Jiangxi Province, China, due to clinical and radiological similarities to TB. This study elucidates the molecular epidemiology of NTM in Jiangxi (2021–2023).
methodsA retrospective analysis of 20,724 clinical specimens from Jiangxi Chest Hospital was conducted using PCR-reverse blot hybridization assay (PCR-REBA) for NTM species identification. Inclusion required clinical/radiological suspicion of mycobacterial disease and specimens with sufficient volume (≥ 2 mL for liquid samples or ≥ 0.5 g for tissue). Statistical analyses determined prevalence, species distribution, and predictors.
resultsAmong 5,331 Mycobacterium-positive specimens, 333 (1.60%; 95% CI: 1.43–1.77) were NTM. Males had significantly lower odds of infection than females (aOR 0.499, P < 0.001), with the highest prevalence observed in individuals aged ≥ 65 years (2.64%) compared to the ≤ 24 years reference group (aOR 12.922, 95% CI: 5.288–31.578, P < 0.001). Dominant species were Mycobacterium intracellulare (MIN, 51.7%), Mycobacterium abscessus (MAB, 30.9%), and Mycobacterium avium (MAV, 9.3%). MIN and MAB predominated in pulmonary samples (97.9% of cases), while MAV showed significant extrapulmonary tropism (42.9% vs. 8.6% pulmonary, P = 0.02). Detection rates fluctuated temporally (peak: 1.93% in 2021; trough: 1.20% in 2022; P = 0.004), potentially influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic.
conclusionJiangxi exhibits a distinct NTM profile with elevated MAB prevalence, emphasizing the need for species-level diagnosis to prevent misclassification as multidrug-resistant TB. Age, sex, and temporal trends emphasizing the critical need for species-level identification to facilitate early, targeted antimicrobial therapy and prevent the misclassification of NTM as multidrug-resistant TB.
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