Evidence mapPaperPMID 41545970Full record

Observational studyBMC nephrology2026

Association between serum potassium levels and peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients: a longitudinal study.

Weixin Tang, Shaojie Zhang, Wanyu Yang, Lichun Hong, Lin Jiang, Xinyue Su, Junli Jin, Qijing Zhang, Xun Tang, Tingting Guo and 6 more

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in BMC nephrology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Weixin Tang *Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Shaojie Zhang *Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
Wanyu Yang *Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Lichun HongDepartment of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Lin JiangDepartment of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Xinyue SuDepartment of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Junli JinDepartment of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Qijing ZhangDepartment of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Xun TangDepartment of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Tingting GuoDepartment of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Zirui ChenDepartment of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Qi YeDepartment of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Yujing ZhouDepartment of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Xiang LvDepartment of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Yu Zhang *Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China. yu.zhang.ust@gmail.com.
Jun Zhang *Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. 2630383001@qq.com.

Funding

Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province 2021A1515012175 and 2024A1515010402
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAbnormal serum potassium levels are common among peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Many studies have shown hypokalemia as a risk factor for peritonitis, but most were cross-sectional and observational. We intended to analyze the longitudinal association between serum potassium levels and peritonitis in those undergoing PD.

methodsWe included 1,288 patients undergoing regular PD at our institution. The endpoint event was peritonitis. Patients were divided into peritonitis and non-peritonitis groups. The relationship between baseline data and the emergence of peritonitis was analyzed through Cox regression analysis. Mixed-effects model was used to analyze the correlation between longitudinal serum potassium and other lab characteristics with peritonitis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis estimated the median time to peritonitis.Independent samples t-test was used in subgroup analysis to explore the relationship between serum potassium and different pathogenic bacteria. Spearman correlation analysis and scatter plot were used to evaluate the correlation between serum potassium and magnesium. Cochran-Armitage trend chi-square test assessed the trend of peritonitis incidence.

resultsCOX regression analysis found higher baseline lymphocyte count and female gender were associated with lower peritonitis risk, while older age and higher baseline uric acid levels were linked to higher risk. A mixed-effects model indicated that the peritonitis group’s serum potassium decreased more rapidly and remained low longer. Kaplan-Meier curves estimated the median time to peritonitis to be 4.09 years. The analysis of subgroups found no significant difference in serum potassium levels between the gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria groups. Spearman correlation analysis showed a very weak positive correlation between potassium and magnesium with poor trend consistency but statistical significance. Peritonitis incidence showed a significant linear downward trend from 2011 to 2023.

conclusionsRapid declines and long-term low levels of serum potassium after PD initiation increase peritonitis risk. Long-term potassium management in PD patients is crucial in clinic practice, with intensified monitoring advised around 4 years into PD treatment.

trial registration2023BA0125_GC; 2023-10-20.

Indexed as

HypokalemiaKidney Failure, ChronicPeritoneal DialysisPeritonitisPotassiumAdultAgedFemaleHumansKaplan-Meier EstimateLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsRisk FactorsPotassiumLongitudinal serum potassiumPeritoneal dialysisPeritonitis

Identifiers

PMID41545970
PMCPMC12896120

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.