ArticleNature communications2026
Intranasal blood-brain barrier bypass enables sequential mitochondria-targeted bioengineered nanolamellar system for ischemic stroke therapy.
Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Systematic Design and Evaluation of Nasal Drug Delivery for Central Nervous System Disease from Experimental to Clinical Application.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Pharmacological interventions targeting the gut-brain axis in neurological disorders: mechanisms and translational applications.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial transplantation for delirium superimposed on dementia: from pathogenic mechanisms to clinical translation challenges.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Mitochondrial damage constitutes the central pathological mechanism of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Targeted delivery of antioxidants to mitochondria and the phenotype polarization of glial cells holds great promise for effective treatment. However, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains a major obstacle, causing insufficient drug accumulation in neuronal mitochondria. Here, we develop a bioengineered nanolamellar system (MM@BPPF) by coating microglia-mitochondria hybrid biomembrane onto black phosphorus nanosheets (BP NSs) loaded with polymetformin (PolyMet) and fingolimod hydrochloride (FTY720). Microglia membrane facilitates inflammation-directed targeting to the injured brain regions, while mitochondria membrane confers homotypic targeting to mitochondria. Meanwhile, BP NSs, PolyMet, and FTY720 act sequentially to restore mitochondrial function of neuronal cells and modulate microglial polarization. Intranasal administration enables MM@BPPF to bypass the BBB, substantially improving brain-targeting efficiency. This work not only offers an innovative sequential targeting strategy for mitigating I/R injury but also presents a potential paradigm for treating other central nervous system disorders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.