Evidence mapPaperPMID 41550126Full record

ReviewInternational journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention2026

Efficacy and comparative performance of machine learning models for stroke risk prediction in hypertensive patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Pooya Eini, Mohammad Rezayee, Milan Kassulke, Jason Tremblay

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Pooya EiniCardiovascular Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Institute, Tehran, Iran.
Mohammad RezayeeCollege of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
Milan KassulkeCollege of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
Jason TremblayCollege of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Stroke poses a significant health burden among hypertensive patients, where traditional risk models often lack precision. Machine learning (ML) has shown promise in enhancing prediction accuracy by integrating diverse data sources. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched 5 databases from inception to September 2025. Eligible studies reported the performance of ML models in hypertensive cohorts. Data were pooled using random-effects models, with heterogeneity assessed via I Results: Ten studies (n = 13,299 stroke cases) were included. Pooled sensitivity was 0.88 (95 % CI: 0.80-0.93), specificity 0.88 (95 % CI: 0.77-0.94), positive likelihood ratio 7.1 (95 % CI: 3.4-15.1), negative likelihood ratio 0.14 (95 % CI: 0.08-0.26), and AUC-ROC 0.94 (95 % CI: 0.91-0.96), indicating good discriminative ability. Heterogeneity was high for both sensitivity (I Conclusion: ML models demonstrate good performance for stroke prediction in hypertensive patients. However, heterogeneity underscores the need for standardized approaches. This evidence, rated moderate by GRADE, supports ML integration in clinical practice for improved prevention.

Indexed as

Artificial intelligenceHypertensionMachine learningRisk assessmentStroke

Identifiers

PMID41550126
PMCPMC12811527

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.