Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41550521›Full record

ArticleKidney international reports2026

The Impact of Homelessness on Kidney Outcomes Among Adults With Diabetes.

Kathryn Wiens, Saania Tariq, Tucker Reed, Li Bai, Paul E Ronksley, Stephen W Hwang, Peter C Austin, Gillian L Booth, Eldon Spackman, David J T Campbell

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Kidney international reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Kathryn WiensTemerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Saania TariqDepartment of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Tucker ReedDepartment of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Li BaiICES Central, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Paul E RonksleyDepartment of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Stephen W HwangTemerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Peter C AustinICES Central, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Gillian L BoothTemerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Eldon SpackmanDepartment of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
David J T CampbellDepartment of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: People with diabetes experiencing homelessness face barriers to self-management, contributing to suboptimal glycemia and reduced screening for microvascular complications. The objective of the study was to assess whether a history of homelessness is associated with kidney-related outcomes among people with diabetes. Methods: A propensity-matched cohort study using administrative health data from Ontario, Canada, was conducted, including residents with diabetes who had ≥1 hospital encounter during the study period (2008-2020). Having a history of homelessness was identified using a validated algorithm. Outcomes of interest included nephrologist visits, reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), initiation of renal replacement therapy, and acute care visits for kidney-related ambulatory care-sensitive conditions. Negative binomial regression and Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess outcomes. Results: Of 659,877 eligible people with diabetes living in Ontario, 3366 had a history of homelessness, with 2650 successfully matched to non-homeless controls. People with a history of homelessness had similar rates of nephrologist visits compared with those with no history of homelessness (rate ratio [RR] = 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.82-1.97), but had higher rates of hospitalization for chronic kidney disease (CKD)-related conditions, including volume overload (RR = 3.13; 95% CI: 1.62-6.04), hyperkalemia (RR = 3.01; 95% CI: 2.07-4.39), and heart failure (RR = 2.06; 95% CI: 1.62-2.63). They had a higher hazard of eGFR decline (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.56-1.88), and renal replacement therapy (HR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.04-2.60) compared with nonhomeless controls. Conclusion: Homelessness is associated with higher rates of kidney-related adverse events in people living with diabetes, supporting the need for tailored approaches that reduce barriers to accessing diabetes care.

Indexed as

chronic kidney diseasediabeteshomelessness

Identifiers

PMID41550521
PMCPMC12805024

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.