Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41550610›Full record

ReviewThe Lancet regional health. Western Pacific2026

Kawasaki disease and outdoor environmental stressors: a scoping review.

Lina Madaniyazi, Jefferson Alpizar, Chau-Ren Jung, Whanhee Lee, Xerxes Seposo, Ryusuke Ae, Eun-Hee Ha, Ho Kim, Masahiro Hashizume, Shoji F Nakayama and 1 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Lina MadaniyaziSchool of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Japan.
Jefferson AlpizarSchool of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Japan.
Chau-Ren JungDepartment of Public Health, China Medical University, Taiwan.
Whanhee LeeSchool of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, College of Information and Biomedical Engineering, Pusan National University, Republic of Korea.
Xerxes SeposoGraduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan.
Ryusuke AeDivision of Public Health, Center for Community Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Japan.
Eun-Hee HaDepartment of Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Ho KimGraduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea.
Masahiro HashizumeSchool of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Japan.
Shoji F NakayamaJapan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan.
Aurelio TobiasSchool of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Kawasaki Disease (KD) is an acute pediatric vasculitis with unclear etiology, though environmental triggers have been proposed. This scoping review synthesized epidemiological evidence on outdoor environmental exposures and KD incidence. A systematic search up to December 2024 identified 32 eligible studies. KD incidence is highest in East Asia, particularly Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan, where most research has been concentrated. Meteorological variables and air pollutants were most studied. Approximately half of the studies on meteorological variables found associations with KD, with some suggesting the role of temperatures or wind-driven transport of airborne agents. Air pollution studies showed inconsistent short-term effects, but more consistent links with long-term or prenatal particulate matter exposure. Studies on airborne biological agents, though fewer, showed consistent positive findings. These results suggest a multifactorial etiology. However, heterogeneity in methods limits comparability. Little is known about chemical substances in soil, water, or other outdoor sources, which may also affect immune pathways relevant to KD. Standardized, multinational research is needed to clarify environmental contributions and guide prevention in high-risk regions.

Indexed as

Air pollutionEnvironmental stressorsKawasaki diseaseMeteorological factorsNatural and biological exposuresScoping review

Identifiers

PMID41550610
PMCPMC12805108

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.