Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41550649›Full record

ReviewPharmaceutical science advances2025

Antimicrobial potentials and challenges of paracetamol: A comprehensive reassessment based on database reports.

Muhammad Torequl Islam, Raihan Chowdhury, Md Shimul Bhuia, Md Sakib Al Hasan, Md Showkot Akbor, Fardin Farhad, Carolina Bandeira Domiciano, Davi Antas E Silva, Henrique D M Coutinho

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Pharmaceutical science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Muhammad Torequl IslamDepartment of Pharmacy, Gopalganj Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, the People's Republic of Bangladesh.
Raihan ChowdhuryDepartment of Pharmacy, Gopalganj Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, the People's Republic of Bangladesh.
Md Shimul BhuiaDepartment of Pharmacy, Gopalganj Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, the People's Republic of Bangladesh.
Md Sakib Al HasanDepartment of Pharmacy, Gopalganj Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, the People's Republic of Bangladesh.
Md Showkot AkborDepartment of Pharmacy, Gopalganj Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, the People's Republic of Bangladesh.
Fardin FarhadDepartment of Microbiology, Dhaka University, Dhaka, 1000, the People's Republic of Bangladesh.
Carolina Bandeira DomicianoFederal University of Paraiba - UFPB, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
Davi Antas E SilvaFederal University of Paraiba - UFPB, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
Henrique D M CoutinhoDepartment of Biological Chemistry, Reegional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, 63105-000, Brazil.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Paracetamol (PMCL) is an analgesic-antipyretic drug. It is frequently used as an over-the-counter (OTC) drug in many countries around the world, especially for headaches, mild pain, and fever. Knowing its toxic effects on the nervous and hepatic systems, it has been combined with the psychoactive drug caffeine. However, PMCL's antipyretic action during fevers caused by various pathogens might be due to its antimicrobial power. Therefore, we have a question about whether PMCL can be used as an OTC medication or not. This review aimed to summarize the antimicrobial activity, facts behind it, possible action mechanisms, and causes of resistance growth, along with the antimicrobial and toxicological impacts of its metabolites, derived products, and combination products, on the basis of database reports. Numerous pieces of evidence suggest that both PMCL and caffeine have broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects. PMCL is evidently effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa. Its major toxic metabolite,

Indexed as

AntimicrobialMicrobial resistanceParacetamolParacetamol derivativesToxicological profile

Identifiers

PMID41550649
PMCPMC12709934

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.