Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41550963›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of dentistry2026

Salivary Metal Ions as Potential Biomarkers for Diabetes: An Observational Study.

Zihan Ding, Jieyu Ming, Huajun Dai, Liling Chen, Bing Guo, Weiqi Li, Xing Zhao, Hang Zhao, Hao Xu

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of dentistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Zihan DingState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China, scu.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2008-4816
Jieyu MingState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China, scu.edu.cn.
Huajun DaiChengdu Institute of Food Inspection, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
Liling ChenChongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, 402100, China.
Bing GuoWest China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China, scu.edu.cn.
Weiqi LiState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China, scu.edu.cn.
Xing ZhaoWest China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China, scu.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5713-3603
Hang ZhaoState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China, scu.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1268-0616
Hao XuState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China, scu.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5665-0139

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: Saliva is an important body fluid that reflects systemic health. This study is a cross-sectional study aimed at exploring the relationship between salivary metal ion concentrations and diabetes risk. Methods: From the China Multiethnic Cohort (CMEC), 912 eligible participants were enrolled, and their saliva samples were collected. Salivary metal ion concentrations were measured using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Logistic regression and propensity score matching (PSM) were used to examine the association between salivary metal ions and diabetes. Additionally, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was used to explore the dose-response relationship between specific metal ions and diabetes risk. Results: This research initially revealed a notable nonlinear dose-response association between the levels of iron in saliva and diabetes risk, and it also identified a significant relationship between salivary manganese and diabetes. Conclusions: Significant associations were identified between salivary concentrations of iron and manganese and diabetes risk. Monitoring salivary metal ion levels may aid in the prevention and management of diabetes. Clinical Significance: The findings suggest that analyzing salivary metal ions could serve as a noninvasive tool for assessing diabetes risk, offering a valuable approach for early intervention and management.

Indexed as

biomarkerdiabetesdose–response relationshippropensity scores matchingrestricted cubic splinessaliva metal ions

Identifiers

PMID41550963
PMCPMC12809914

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.