Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41551007›Full record

ArticleGenetics in medicine open2026

Epigenetic age and neurodevelopmental outcomes in children born preterm.

Rhandi Christensen, Chaini Konwar, Beryl C Zhuang, Michael S Kobor, Vann Chau, Anne Synnes, Ting Guo, Julia MacIsaac, Ruth E Grunau, Steven P Miller

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Genetics in medicine open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Rhandi ChristensenDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Chaini KonwarDepartment of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Beryl C ZhuangDepartment of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Michael S KoborDepartment of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Vann ChauDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Anne SynnesBC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Ting GuoDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Julia MacIsaacDepartment of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Ruth E GrunauBC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Steven P MillerBC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: The objective of this study was to identify predictors of epigenetic age and its association with neurodevelopmental outcomes in children born preterm. Methods: A prospective cohort of children born 24-to-32-weeks gestation, well characterized with clinical data, brain imaging, and neurodevelopmental assessments at 3 years (Bayley-III cognitive and motor composite), were included. Epigenetic age (in weeks) was determined using the Pediatric Buccal Epigenetic Clock and corrected for chronological age to give epigenetic age difference (EAD). The associations between EAD, clinical risk factors and neurodevelopmental outcomes were examined using multivariable linear regression. Results: A total of 102 study participants (47% males) were included. Epigenetic age showed a positive association with chronological age at term-equivalent age and 3 years. Neonatal morbidity was associated with a lower EAD (epigenetic age deceleration) at 3 years (β = -10.1, Conclusion: Epigenetic age acceleration was associated with better cognitive and motor outcomes in children born preterm. Epigenetic modification is an important biological mechanism that contributes to the variability in neurodevelopmental outcomes in the preterm population.

Indexed as

Epigenetic AgeNeurodevelopmentPediatric buccal epigenetic agePrematurity

Identifiers

PMID41551007
PMCPMC12809062

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.