SynthesisPeerJ2026
Passive smoking and the risk of hypertension in nonsmoking adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PeerJ, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Previous studies on the association between passive smoking and hypertension are controversial. The association between these two elements remains inconclusive and requires a comprehensive meta-analysis. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore this association. Methods: We searched for full articles from four databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane databases, from 1971 until February 2025. Cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies examining the relationship between passive smoking exposure and the occurrence of hypertension were considered to be suitable for general analysis. Effect sizes and relevant 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled and calculated. Results: We included 13 studies, with 783,798 nonsmoking adults being included in the pooled analysis An association between passive smoking and elevated risk of hypertension was observed in cross-sectional/case-control studies (Effect size = 1.20, 95% CI [1.08-1.34], Conclusion: Exposure to passive smoking is significantly associated with an increased risk of hypertension in both cross-sectional/case-control and cohort studies, and for both male and female populations. Exposure ≥3 times/week and ≥10 years may have an adverse influence on hypertension.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.