ArticleResearch (Washington, D.C.)2026
The Optically Guided and Pre-assembled Implantation Cranial Window Reveals Cortical Spatial Representations during Navigation.
Article in Research (Washington, D.C.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Head-mounted miniaturized microscopes have provided new capabilities for neuroscience by enabling neural imaging in freely behaving animals. The long-term application of these microscopes, however, is contingent upon specific and reliable cranial window designs. Here, we introduce optically guided and pre-assembled implantation (OGPI), a standardized cranial window technique designed for head-mounted miniaturized microscope imaging. OGPI employs a cost-effective, minimalist design and offers robust compatibility with miniaturized microscopes. This integrated method ensures precise implantation and supports chronic large-scale neural imaging in freely behaving animals for periods exceeding 8 months. The OGPI method is adaptable, supporting both semiautomated operation for enhanced throughput and manual operation for standard laboratory settings. Through behavioral assessments, we further demonstrate that animals with OGPI cranial windows exhibit preserved locomotor and spatial cognitive abilities. Leveraging this chronic window, we performed large-scale cortical imaging in mice engaged in a Y-maze navigation task. We found that the neurons' tuning position, path, and acceleration were distributed in a "salt-and-pepper" pattern across multiple cortices. A subpopulation of neurons exhibiting conjunctive tuning to both spatial information and linear acceleration was identified, suggesting that the acceleration-tuned neurons required for the generation and updating of the spatial signal exist in the cortex. Further, population-level analyses of spatial representation in the cortex were conducted. A decoder and a classifier based on cortical activity accurately predicted the animal's position and path. Altogether, our results establish OGPI as an enabling platform and a key methodological advancement for chronic imaging in freely behaving animals and reveal a widespread representation of spatial information in the cortex.
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.