Evidence mapPaperPMID 41551936Full record

ArticleInternational journal of genomics2026

Mechanism of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicle miRNA hsa-let-7b-5p Targeting AP1S1 to Regulate M2 Macrophage Polarization.

Lijuan Liu, Zixing Kou, Tianhua Wang, Qihang Shang, Qinxiang Zhang, Guanghui Liu, Jing Ai, Yanwen Zhao, Changgang Sun

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of genomics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Lijuan LiuDepartment of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China, qdu.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1138-5543
Zixing KouDepartment of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China, wfszyy.com.
Tianhua WangFaculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China, must.edu.mo.
Qihang ShangCollege of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China, sdutcm.edu.cn.
Qinxiang ZhangFaculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China, must.edu.mo.
Guanghui LiuCollege of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China, sdutcm.edu.cn.
Jing AiCollege of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China, sdutcm.edu.cn.
Yanwen ZhaoCollege of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China, sdutcm.edu.cn.
Changgang SunDepartment of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China, wfszyy.com.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0778-8788

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for over 80% of lung cancer cases. Further, the complex tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is a critical factor in treatment resistance and poor prognosis associated with tumors. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), a major component of the TIME, significantly promote tumor progression through their polarization toward the immunosuppressive M2 phenotype. Reportedly, NSCLC cells regulate TAM polarization by secreting extracellular vesicles (EVs) to deliver miRNAs; however, the specific underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the regulatory role of miRNAs derived from NSCLC EVs in TAM polarization and explore potential novel therapeutic targets. Methods: Through high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, key regulatory targets were screened. Ki-67 staining was employed to detect cell proliferation, flow cytometry was performed to analyze cell apoptosis, RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to measure mRNA and protein expression levels, and Transwell assays were conducted to assess cell migration and invasion capabilities to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the miRNA-mediated regulation of TAM polarization by NSCLC-derived EVs. Results: NSCLC-derived EVs were successfully isolated and characterized. Bioinformatics analysis of EVs' miRNA sequencing data revealed that the hsa-let-7b-5p/Adaptor-Related Protein Complex 1 subunit sigma 1 (AP1S1) axis may be a key regulator of TAM polarization. In vitro experiments confirmed that the hsa-let-7b-5p mimic potentially suppressed M2 polarization of TAMs via the AP1S1/p53 signaling axis, thereby attenuating the proliferation, migration, and invasion capabilities of NSCLC cells. Conclusion: This study revealed the molecular mechanism by which hsa-let-7b-5p reshapes the immune microenvironment of NSCLC cells by targeting and inhibiting AP1S1 expression, thereby regulating the polarization of TAMs toward the M2 phenotype. Thus, the hsa-let-7b-5p/AP1S1 axis may serve as a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC immunotherapy, providing novel strategies for improving patient prognosis.

Indexed as

AP1S1M2 macrophagemiRNA hsa-let-7b-5pnon–small cell lung

Identifiers

PMID41551936
PMCPMC12811954

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.