ArticleCureus2025
Factors Associated With Difficult Emergency Department Referral: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEmergency department (ED) referrals are an essential component of patients' care. According to the reviewed literature, ED referrals to other specialties frequently encounter difficulties. Nonetheless, the specific challenges of the Saudi context have not received adequate attention.
methodsA cross-sectional study of emergency physicians in Riyadh City was conducted through a questionnaire using Google Forms. We gathered data on sociodemographic, referral practices, awareness, and difficulties. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests, with a significance level of 0.05.
resultsOf the 104 participants, the majority (94, 90.4%) reported difficulty with referrals. The most common reasons for referral difficulties are the following: 86 (82.7%) report that consultants are being asked to refer patients to other specialties before seeing them in person, 79 (76.0%) refuse referrals due to "endorsement time," and 76 (73.1%) request further tests. Unexpectedly, 62 (59.6%) of the participants reported verbal assault. On the other hand, there was a strong relationship between gender and referral difficulties, with 27 (100%) of female physicians reporting challenges versus 67 (87%) of male physicians (p=0.049). In addition, 39 (37.5%) study participants had no formal training in effective referrals. We also noticed that the majority of the difficulties occurred during the night and weekend shifts (61, 58.7%, and 54, 51.9%, respectively).
conclusionThe most obvious reasons are consulting physicians ordering additional labs or images, or asking to refer the patient to another specialty before seeing them. In addition, consulting physician endorsement time was an issue. Furthermore, referral difficulties occur more frequently during night shifts and weekends. To mitigate these difficulties, all training programs should include communication and training skills. Policies of consultation or referral should be enforced. Additionally, the emergency physician should be able to schedule outpatient appointments with the required specialty. Moreover, the receiving consultant should be a senior physician. Referral difficulties should be minimized to improve patient care, outcomes, and satisfaction.
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