Evidence mapPaperPMID 41553370Full record

ArticleSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2026

A comprehensive analysis of global, regional, and national trends in anorexia nervosa burden (1990-2021) and projections to 2040: insights from the global burden of disease study 2021.

Zhixin Liu, Yihao Liu, Bilin Lin, Erxing Tao, Chunhua Xu

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Article in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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Zhixin Liu *Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China.
Yihao Liu *Department of Neurosurgery, The 1 st affiliated hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
Bilin Lin *The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
Erxing TaoDepartment of Neurosurgery, The 1 st affiliated hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China. 747973729@qq.com.
Chunhua XuDepartment of Neurosurgery, The 1 st affiliated hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China. ndyfy01353@ncu.edu.cn.

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6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAnorexia nervosa is a severe psychiatric disorder with high morbidity and mortality. Traditionally linked to high-income regions, its recognition is growing in low- and middle-income countries. This study analyzes the global, regional, and national burden of anorexia nervosa from 1990 to 2021 using GBD 2021 data and offers projections to 2040.

methodsData on the prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), and age-standardized rates of anorexia nervosa were obtained from the GBD 2021 study, covering 204 countries and regions. The study used various statistical methods, including the Assessment of Health Inequalities, Frontier Analyses, Temporal Trend Analysis and Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) model, to analyze trends, regional disparities, and forecast future disease burden. Results were stratified by Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) regions, age, and gender.

resultsFrom 1990 to 2021, the global prevalence of anorexia nervosa increased by 38.79%, with YLDs rising by 38.57%. High-SDI regions consistently showed the highest burden of the disorder, with significant increases in both prevalence and YLD rates. In contrast, low-SDI regions exhibited lower burdens, likely reflecting underreporting and diagnostic challenges. Female populations continued to bear a higher burden than males, although the prevalence of anorexia nervosa among males has steadily increased. Forecasts to 2040 predict continued increases in disease burden, particularly among females.

conclusionsAnorexia nervosa's global burden has risen, especially in high-SDI regions. The increasing prevalence, particularly among females, underscores the need for targeted public health interventions, early diagnosis, and culturally appropriate treatments. Projections show continued growth in the disorder's burden.

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Anorexia nervosaBurdenPrevalenceProjectionsPublic healthSocioeconomic disparityYears lived with disability

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.