Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41553479›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of legal medicine2026

Assessing the influence of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 genotypes on the metabolism of CBD-cannabis after controlled single and repetitive consumption.

Janine Schulte, Leila Potzel, Priska Frei, Isabell Seibert, Kathrin Gerlach, Katja Mercer-Chalmers-Bender, Eva Scheurer, Henriette E Meyer Zu Schwabedissen, Iris Schulz

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Article in International journal of legal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Janine Schulte *Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Basel, Pestalozzistrasse 22, Basel, 4056, Switzerland.
Leila Potzel *Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmacy, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, Basel, 4056, Switzerland.
Priska FreiDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Basel, Pestalozzistrasse 22, Basel, 4056, Switzerland.
Isabell SeibertDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmacy, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, Basel, 4056, Switzerland.
Kathrin GerlachDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Basel, Pestalozzistrasse 22, Basel, 4056, Switzerland.
Katja Mercer-Chalmers-BenderDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Basel, Pestalozzistrasse 22, Basel, 4056, Switzerland.
Eva ScheurerDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Basel, Pestalozzistrasse 22, Basel, 4056, Switzerland.
Henriette E Meyer Zu Schwabedissen *Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmacy, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, Basel, 4056, Switzerland.
Iris Schulz *Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Basel, Pestalozzistrasse 22, Basel, 4056, Switzerland. iris.schulz@unibas.ch.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7933-2563

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The availability of cannabis for recreational and medical purposes has increased substantially, making it the most widely used drug globally and the most frequently detected substance in road traffic controls. Genetic variations in cannabinoid-metabolizing enzymes are relevant but still understudied, and their effects on whole blood concentrations of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and their metabolites remain unclear. In this retrospective analysis of blood samples from 27 individuals, we investigated whether genotype-predicted CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 phenotypes influenced blood concentrations of THC, THC-OH, THC-COOH, and CBD after single and repetitive high CBD/low THC cannabis vaporization under controlled conditions. Approximately 44% of participants carried function-impairing CYP2C9 alleles and about 52% function-impairing CYP2C19 alleles, with the observed genotype-predicted phenotypes consistent with European population frequencies. No statistical differences were observed in blood concentrations or metabolic ratios across predicted phenotypes. However, slight trends that align with the findings of previous studies were observed for CYP2C9 predicted phenotypes. Given the retrospective design and limited sample size, the results are indicative but not generalizable. For this, further prospective studies with larger cohorts and consideration of external factors are needed. Nevertheless, this is the first study to investigate genetic variations in relation to blood cannabinoid concentrations after controlled inhalative consumption of low-THC/high-CBD cannabis, providing a foundation for future pharmacogenetic investigations and offering valuable insights into the debate surrounding cannabis legalization.

Indexed as

CannabidiolCytochrome P-450 CYP2C19Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9DronabinolGenotypeAdultAllelesFemaleHumansMalePhenotypeRetrospective StudiesYoung AdultCannabidiolCYP2C19 protein, humanCYP2C9 protein, humanCytochrome P-450 CYP2C19Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9DronabinolCannabidiol (CBD)Cannabinoid metabolismCYP2C19CYP2C9PharmacogeneticΔ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

Identifiers

PMID41553479
PMCPMC13161248

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.