Evidence mapPaperPMID 41553576Full record

ReviewMolecular biology reports2026

The role of immune cell crosstalk and signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.

Xia Liu, Haixu Chen, Changying Guo, Yu Lin, Fei Wang, Zhi Lan

Abstract readReview
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In one paragraph

Review in Molecular biology reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Xia Liu *School of Basic Medicine, Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation, Sichuan Province, Zigong, China.
Haixu Chen *School of Basic Medicine, Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation, Sichuan Province, Zigong, China.
Changying GuoSchool of Basic Medicine, Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation, Sichuan Province, Zigong, China.
Yu LinSchool of Nursing, Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation, Sichuan Province, Zigong, China.
Fei WangChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital Chengdu Clinical Medical College, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
Zhi LanDepartment of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Zigong City, Sichuan Province, Zigong, China. xiaozhizaixian2003@aliyun.com.

Funding

Approved Scientific Research Project in 2023 of the Innovation Research Center for Sports and Health, Key Research Base of Philosophy and Social Sciences in Zigong City YDJKY23-07
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pulmonary fibrosis is a category of progressive interstitial lung illnesses caused by atypical inflammatory healing mechanisms, marked by excessive fibroblast activation, aberrant myofibroblast development, and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. Recent research has established that immune cell dysregulation and the aberrant activation of critical signaling pathways are pivotal in the initiation and advancement of fibrosis. Macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and natural killer (NK) cells collectively constitute a sophisticated innate immune network. M1/M2 polarization, NETs release, and immune surveillance failure are intricately linked to disease development. In adaptive immunity, CD4⁺ T cell subsets facilitate the shift from inflammation to fibrosis via Th1/Th2 imbalance, Th17 amplification, and phase-dependent Treg functionality. B cells aggravate tissue damage through autoantibodies, immunological complexes, and inflammatory cytokines, although regulatory B cells may provide protective effects during certain phases.The TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway is the principal axis of fibrosis, directly governing fibroblast transformation and extracellular matrix deposition. It establishes a highly interconnected signaling network involving pathways including NF-κB, JAK/STAT, and PI3K/AKT, enhancing inflammatory responses and pro-fibrotic effects. The pathogenic etiology of pulmonary fibrosis fundamentally entails immune dysregulation and aberrant tissue repair resulting from interactions between immune cells and signaling pathways. Subsequent investigations ought to amalgamate single-cell omics with spatial transcriptomics to systematically elucidate the spatiotemporal dynamics and essential signaling pathways of immunological subpopulations. This methodology will investigate innovative ways for multi-target combination interventions and microenvironment remodeling, with the objective of establishing theoretical foundations and translational significance for precision medicines in pulmonary fibrosis.

Indexed as

Pulmonary FibrosisSignal TransductionAnimalsExtracellular MatrixHumansImmunity, InnateMacrophagesTransforming Growth Factor betaTransforming Growth Factor betaExtracellular matrixImmune cellsImmunological controlPulmonary fibrosisTGF-β/Smad signaling pathway

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.