Evidence mapPaperPMID 41555588Full record

ArticleDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2026

Preferences for basal insulin treatments in adults with type 2 diabetes: A discrete choice experiment in France and Spain.

Amy M Jones, Pam Hallworth, Helen Kendal, Claire Mottershead, Lewis Ormerod, Virginia Pascual, Clémence Antier, Diogo Belbute, Elisabeth de Laguiche, Virginia Bellido

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Amy M JonesAdelphi Values Ltd., Patient-Centered Outcomes, Cheshire, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-3645-746X
Pam HallworthAdelphi Research, Cheshire, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5828-9722
Helen KendalAdelphi Values Ltd., Patient-Centered Outcomes, Cheshire, UK.
Claire MottersheadAdelphi Research, Cheshire, UK.
Lewis OrmerodAdelphi Research, Cheshire, UK.
Virginia PascualNovo Nordisk Pharma SA, Madrid, Spain.
Clémence AntierNovo Nordisk, Puteaux, France.
Diogo BelbuteNovo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark.
Elisabeth de LaguicheNovo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0003-2125-9006
Virginia BellidoUnidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-8384-043X

Funding

Novo Nordisk Denmark
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimTo quantify the relative importance of frequency of administration in basal insulin treatment preferences of people living with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in France and Spain, using a discrete choice experiment (DCE). MATERIALS AND

methodsA targeted literature review and qualitative patient interviews informed an attributes and levels grid consisting of six attributes (2-3 levels each). Pilot interviews were conducted to test the DCE. A quantitative DCE survey was administered to adults with T2D in France and Spain. Hierarchical Bayesian estimation was used to identify the relative importance of each attribute.

resultsThe survey was completed by N = 239 participants from France (n = 166) and Spain (n = 73) across three treatment experience categories: basal insulin and injectable glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) naïve (n = 86), basal insulin naïve but injectable GLP-1 RA experienced (n = 85), and basal insulin experienced (n = 68). Frequency of administration had a relative importance of 39%, nearly double that of the attribute with the next highest relative importance 'risk of severe hypoglycemic event (insulin experienced rates)' (21%). A preference for once weekly (OW) administration was observed relative to once daily (OD) or twice daily (BD). Reduction in the frequency of missing doses and taking doses at the prescribed time were considered the most positive impacts of OW administration. Findings were consistent across treatment experience groups.

conclusionThis study highlights the importance of administration frequency in basal insulin treatment decisions when glycemic control is held constant. Participants indicated a preference for OW injection frequency, suggesting fewer injections may reduce the burden of insulin administration. These insights support clinical consideration of less frequent injections when making T2D treatment decisions.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Hypoglycemic AgentsInsulinPatient PreferenceAdultAgedChoice BehaviorDrug Administration ScheduleFemaleFranceGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHumansHypoglycemiaMaleMiddle AgedSpainGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinattitudesbarriersbasal insulinperceptionstype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID41555588
PMCPMC12890752

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.