Evidence mapPaperPMID 41555617Full record

ReviewDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2026

Diabetic kidney disease, biomarkers, and finerenone.

Ashish Verma, Ashish Upadhyay

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Ashish VermaSection of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9497-6327
Ashish UpadhyaySection of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0536-5776

Funding

Bayer Corporation
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). A complex pathobiology involving hemodynamic, metabolic, and immune dysregulation promotes inflammatory and fibrotic pathways that contribute to kidney disease progression and CVD in individuals with DKD. While the standard treatment approach incorporating renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockers and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) reduces the risk for kidney disease progression and CVD, the high residual risk that persists despite these treatments underscores the need for novel therapies for DKD. Finerenone, a nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA), is a proven therapeutic option for DKD that targets inflammatory and fibrotic pathways involved in its progression. Furthermore, finerenone has been evaluated for DKD outcomes in phase 3 clinical trials, has a favourable side effect profile compared to steroidal MRAs, reduces the risks of major kidney and CVD outcomes in clinical trials when used with RAAS blockers, and is the only MRA specifically approved for DKD and recommended for DKD in treatment guidelines. The integration of novel biomarkers of CKD and CVD into the clinical management of DKD may improve early identification of at-risk individuals and allow for patient-specific therapeutic strategies. This review provides a brief overview of the pathogenesis of DKD and the role of mineralocorticoid receptor activation in DKD pathobiology, summarises the role of finerenone in the treatment paradigm of DKD, evaluates current and emerging biomarkers of DKD and finerenone's impact on these biomarkers, and provides forward-looking guidance on future research for biomarker-driven precision medicine in DKD.

Indexed as

Diabetic NephropathiesMineralocorticoid Receptor AntagonistsNaphthyridinesBiomarkersCardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Disease ProgressionHumansRenin-Angiotensin SystemBiomarkersfinerenoneMineralocorticoid Receptor AntagonistsNaphthyridinesbiomarkersdiabetic kidney diseasefinerenonepharmacology

Identifiers

PMID41555617
PMCPMC12992186

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.