Evidence mapPaperPMID 41555812Full record

Observational studyJournal of diabetes investigation2026

Retrospective comparison of the clinical effects of oral semaglutide and SGLT2 inhibitors treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Yasuhiro Omori, Ryota Usui, Yuji Yamazaki, Hitoshi Kuwata, Yoshiyuki Hamamoto, Yuichiro Yamada, Yutaka Seino

Abstract readComparative StudyObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Journal of diabetes investigation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Yasuhiro OmoriCenter for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
Ryota UsuiCenter for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Osaka, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4641-0158
Yuji YamazakiCenter for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Osaka, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5876-8695
Hitoshi KuwataCenter for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
Yoshiyuki HamamotoCenter for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Osaka, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1938-7394
Yuichiro YamadaCenter for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
Yutaka SeinoCenter for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Osaka, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionRecent studies have demonstrated that both oral semaglutide and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) have beneficial effects on glycemic and weight management as well as providing renal and cardiovascular protection. However, direct comparisons of the effects of these two drugs in clinical practice remain limited. MATERIALS AND

methodsThis study is a single-center, retrospective, observational study. Patients with type 2 diabetes who were initiated on oral semaglutide or SGLT2is and continued treatment for 6 months or more were retrospectively analyzed and compared.

resultsThe semaglutide group (84 patients) and the SGLT2is group (231 patients) showed similar, significant reductions in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (semaglutide: -0.88 ± 0.14%; P < 0.01, and SGLT2is: -0.86 ± 0.06%; P < 0.01, at 6 months), body weight (semaglutide: -2.58 ± 0.37 kg; P < 0.01, and SGLT2is: -2.30 ± 0.18 kg; P < 0.01, at 6 months), and fat mass (semaglutide: -2.20 ± 0.50 kg; P < 0.01, and SGLT2is: -1.93 ± 0.44 kg; P < 0.01, at 6 months), being decreased similarly and significantly in both groups. On the other hand, there was a significant reduction in skeletal muscle mass only in the SGLT2is group (semaglutide: -0.10 ± 0.30 kg; P = 0.74, and SGLT2is: -0.40 ± 0.14 kg; P < 0.01 at 6 months).

conclusionsWhile both drugs elicited comparable effects on glycemic management and body weight reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes, caution is needed when using SGLT2is in patients at potential risk for sarcopenia, as they may lead to less favorable changes in skeletal muscle mass compared to oral semaglutide.

Indexed as

BiomarkersDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glucagon-Like PeptidesHypoglycemic AgentsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsAdministration, OralAgedBlood GlucoseFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGlycated HemoglobinHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisRetrospective StudiesBiomarkersBlood GlucoseGlucagon-Like PeptidesGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanHypoglycemic AgentsSemaglutideSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsOral semaglutideSGLT2 inhibitorsSkeletal muscle mass

Identifiers

PMID41555812
PMCPMC12950920

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.