ArticleAging clinical and experimental research2026
Blood and imaging biomarkers of blood-brain barrier disruption in diabetic individuals with cognitive impairment.
Article in Aging clinical and experimental research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Inflammatory protein signatures as predictors of insulin resistance and cognitive function: a one-year longitudinal study in theBrain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Evoke (+) trials of semaglutide for early alzheimer's disease: Innovations, lessons, and implications.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Review
- Trajectory-Oriented Brain Vulnerability Framework for Cognitive Decline in Type 2 Diabetes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Blood-brain barrier water permeability is elevated in type 2 diabetes and obesity: associations with cognitive function and metabolic markers.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Article
- Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Is Elevated in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity: Associations with Cognitive Function and Metabolic Markers.Research square · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBlood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is a recognized contributor to neurodegenerative diseases. However, its specific role in cognitive decline in diabetes has not been sufficiently explored.
aimsThis study aimed to evaluate the association between BBB integrity and cognitive function and to investigate the discriminative ability of BBB-related biomarkers for cognitive impairment in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
methodsIn this case-control study, participants were recruited from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University. All subjects underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). We compared quantitative brain imaging (Ktrans and Ve) and serum platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) between diabetic individuals with and without cognitive impairment. The relationships between these biomarkers and cognitive performance were assessed using linear regression analyses. The discriminative capacity of each biomarker for distinguishing groups was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.
resultsT2DM individuals with cognitive impairment exhibited significantly elevated Ktrans and Ve levels compared to those without, which correlated inversely with MoCA scores in key brain regions. Serum PDGFRβ was also independently associated with impaired cognition. Every biomarker individually demonstrated high discriminative power for evaluating cognitive status, with AUC values of 0.908 (95% CI: 0.842 to 0.973) for Ktrans, 0.923 (95% CI: 0.86 to 0.986) for Ve, and 0.839 (95% CI: 0.751 to 0.928) for PDGFRβ.
conclusionsOur results confirm the critical role of BBB dysfunction in diabetic cognitive impairment. The biomarkers serum PDGFRβ, Ktrans, and Ve showed potential associations with this condition, suggesting their clinical value for future clinical application in risk stratification and therapeutic monitoring in T2DM population. TRN: ChiCTR2400085417, 2024.06.06, retrospectively registered.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.