ArticlePLoS pathogens2026
The receptor binding properties of H5Ny influenza A viruses have evolved to bind to avian-type mucin-like O-glycans.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Acquisition of specific human respiratory tract binding by 2.3.4.4b H5N1 hemagglutinins requires multiple mutations.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- The receptor landscape of influenza A viruses.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Hemagglutinin double-mutation enhances binding of human-infecting avian influenza virus clade 2.3.4.4b H5Ny to human and SLeEMBO reports · 2026Article
- Avian influenza overview December 2025-February 2026.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026Article
- Glycocalyx at the host-virus interface: a double-edged sword in virus infection and tissue damage.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Highly pathogenic H5Ny influenza A viruses are causing unprecedented, season-independent outbreaks across avian and mammalian species, including dairy cattle, a novel reservoir. The sialoside-binding properties of influenza A hemagglutinin (HA) are strongly related to its ability to infect and transmit between hosts. Mucin-like O-glycans, omnipresent in respiratory tracts, have been understudied as viral receptors due to their complexity. To address this, we synthesized 25 O-linked glycans with diverse sialosides, including modifications by fucosides and sulfates. Our findings reveal that H5Ny 2.3.4.4b viruses bind core 3 sialyl-Lewisx and Sia-Gal-β3GalNAc, O-linked glycans not recognized by classical H5 or other avian viruses. By determining crystal structures, we resolved the structural features of four glycans in an H5 hemagglutinin (HA) from a 2016 2.3.4.4b virus. While these viruses do not bind human-type receptors, their broad receptor specificity enhances binding to human tracheal tissues, suggesting that O-glycan recognition could contribute to the continues spillover of this clade.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.