Evidence mapPaperPMID 41558772Full record

ArticleBMJ open2026

Assessment of greenhouse gas emission of type 2 diabetes management in adults: a modelling study in the UK.

Niels Lund, Ekaterina Maslova, Jieling Chen, Julia Giannini, Mar Soro, Ian Culligan, Glyn Richards, Loveleen Taneja, Shanky Varghese, Yuxin Li and 7 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Niels LundNovo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark nlnd@novonordisk.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-1307-0837
Ekaterina MaslovaBioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
Jieling ChenBioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca R&D Gaithersburg, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.
Julia GianniniLondon West End Bupa Centre, London, UK.
Mar SoroLondon West End Bupa Centre, London, UK.
Ian CulliganLondon West End Bupa Centre, London, UK.
Glyn RichardsLondon West End Bupa Centre, London, UK.
Loveleen TanejaIQVIA, Gurugram, Haryana, India.
Shanky VargheseIQVIA, Gurugram, Haryana, India.
Yuxin LiIQVIA UK, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-4164-0271
Weiwei XuIQVIA Netherlands, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Jose GonzalezIQVIA Spain, Madrid, Spain.
Joice ValentimF Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland.
Priscille de La TourSanofi, Lyon, France.
Fiona AdsheadSustainable Healthcare Coalition, Newton Abbot, UK.
Keith MooreSustainable Healthcare Coalition, Newton Abbot, UK.
Anna PugginaGSK, Verona, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe carbon footprint of end-to-end healthcare deliveries by the National Health Service in England totalled 25.0 megatons of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO

objectivesTo evaluate the potential impact of prevention and effective management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in adults on both the clinical outcomes and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the UK healthcare setting. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsWe incorporated an environmental module into the existing IQVIA core diabetes model to estimate the impact of improving clinical outcomes on GHG emissions over a lifetime horizon. We assessed two hypothetical scenarios: (1) preventing progression from pre-diabetes to T2DM through diet and exercise versus no intervention and natural disease progression to T2DM; and (2) well-controlled T2DM using interventions with clinical benefit on glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and renal and cardiovascular outcomes versus uncontrolled T2DM.

resultsPreventing progression to T2DM led to 6.357 additional undiscounted life years and 67% less kg CO

conclusionEffective prevention and management of T2DM through implementation of evidence-based clinical guidelines can improve patient outcomes while reducing the healthcare-related environmental impacts.

Indexed as

Carbon FootprintDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Greenhouse EffectGreenhouse GasesAdultDisease ProgressionGlycated HemoglobinHumansUnited KingdomGlycated HemoglobinGreenhouse GasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2HEALTH ECONOMICSHealth Impact Assessment

Identifiers

PMID41558772
PMCPMC12820860

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.