Evidence mapPaperPMID 41559729Full record

Trial reportBMC medicine2026

Weight change mediates the effect of lifestyle intervention on postpartum diabetes in women with prior gestational diabetes: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.

Weiqin Li, Huikun Liu, Lingyan Feng, Leishen Wang, Shuang Zhang, Wei Li, Gongshu Liu, Junhong Leng, Yun Shen, Ru Gao and 4 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMC medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01554358 (Lifestyle and Genetic Factors on Diabetes Risk in Women With GDM After Delivery), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01554358 naunknown statusnot on this map

Lifestyle and Genetic Factors on Diabetes Risk in Women With GDM After Delivery: Tianjin Gestational Diabetes Prevention Program (TGDPP)

TypeinterventionalSponsorTianjin Women and Children's Health CenterRan2009Enrolled2,526ConditionsGestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)ArmsLifestyle intervention
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Weiqin LiTianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, 30070, China. liweiqin007@163.com.
Huikun LiuTianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, 30070, China.
Lingyan FengTianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, 30070, China.
Leishen WangTianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, 30070, China.
Shuang ZhangTianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, 30070, China.
Wei LiTianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, 30070, China.
Gongshu LiuTianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, 30070, China.
Junhong LengTianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, 30070, China.
Yun ShenPennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
Ru GaoPennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
Yeyi ZhuDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA.
Xilin YangDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
Zhijie YuPopulation Cancer Research Program, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
Gang HuPennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA. gang.hu@pbrc.edu.

Funding

Louisiana Clinical and Translational Science CenterU54GM104940 · LSU PENNINGTON BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH CTR · 2025 to 2025
$3.9M
Biomarker of Pancreatic B-cell Loss Predicting Progression to Type 2 Diabetes After Gestational DiabetesR01DK132011 · NIDDK · LSU PENNINGTON BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH CTR · 2024 to 2025
$1.2M
Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin, China 23JCYBJC00960NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK132011NIDDK NIH HHS R01DK132011NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM104940NIGMS NIH HHS U54GM104940Tianjin Health Research Project, China TJWJ2025QN096
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWomen with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have a substantial 20-50% risk of developing diabetes postpartum. Understanding the precise mechanisms by which lifestyle interventions prevent diabetes is crucial for optimizing clinical care. This study aimed to quantify the extent to which weight change mediates the observed 46% reduction in postpartum diabetes risk achieved by an intensive lifestyle intervention in women with prior GDM.

methodsThis secondary mediation analysis utilized data from the Tianjin GDM Prevention Program (NCT01554358), a large-scale, 4.5-year randomized controlled trial conducted in China. A total of 1180 women with a recent history of GDM diagnosed according to the 1999 WHO criteria (mean age 32.4 ± 3.50 years; mean BMI 23.9 ± 3.83 kg/m

resultsWeight reduction demonstrated a continuous, dose-dependent association with a lower incidence of postpartum diabetes, without evidence of a threshold effect. Overall, changes in weight indices mediated 13.0-18.8% of the intervention's protective effect. This mediation proportion was significantly higher among women who were overweight at baseline, accounting for 24.3-34.7% of the intervention's benefit. Within this overweight subgroup, changes in waist circumference and body fat individually accounted for over 30% of the total mediated effect.

conclusionsWeight loss is a quantifiable and clinically relevant, though partial, mechanism by which lifestyle intervention reduces postpartum diabetes risk, particularly in overweight women with a history of GDM. These findings underscore the importance of continuous monitoring and management of even modest weight changes as a key component of diabetes prevention strategies for this high-risk population.

trial registrationNCT01554358. Retrospectively registered clinical trial.

Indexed as

Diabetes, GestationalDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Life StylePostpartum PeriodWeight LossAdultBody Mass IndexChinaFemaleHumansPregnancyGestational diabetes mellitusLifestyle interventionMediation rolePostpartum diabetesWeight changes

Identifiers

PMID41559729
PMCPMC12905906

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.