Evidence mapPaperPMID 41559771Full record

SynthesisSystematic reviews2026

Epidemiology of intestinal parasitic infections among school-aged children in low- and middle-income countries of Africa and Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Gelila Yitageasu, Tigist Kifle Tsegaw, Eyob Akalewold Alemu, Helen Brhan, Kassaw Chekole Adane, Fetlework Gubena Arega, Amensisa Hailu Tesfaye, Dessie Abebaw, Zemichael Gizaw, Lidetu Demoze

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Systematic reviews, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Gelila YitageasuDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia. gelilayitageasu1@gmail.com.ORCID 0009-0009-7398-4956
Tigist Kifle TsegawDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Eyob Akalewold AlemuDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Helen BrhanDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Kassaw Chekole AdaneDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
Fetlework Gubena AregaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Amensisa Hailu TesfayeDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Dessie AbebawDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Zemichael GizawDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Lidetu DemozeDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

aimsIntestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) remain a significant public health challenge, particularly among school-aged children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of IPIs and identify associated risk factors in Africa and Asia.

methodA systematic search of Medline/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Epistemonikos, and additional searches such as Google and Google Scholar was conducted between January 2019 and April 2024. The review followed the PRISMA guidelines. Data extraction was performed using Microsoft Excel, and meta-analyses were conducted using STATA. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence, while heterogeneity was assessed using the I

results47 studies comprising 20,334 school-aged children were included. The pooled prevalence of at least one intestinal parasitic infection was 39% (95% CI: 33%-45%). Regional analysis showed a higher prevalence in Africa (41%) compared to Asia (35%). Protozoan infections (29%) exceeded those of helminths (19%) and mixed infections (2%). The most common parasites were Blastocystis hominis (16%), Endolimax nana (16%), Entamoeba histolytica (15%), Entamoeba coli (12%), and Ascaris lumbricoides (11%). Infections were primarily single (37%), followed by double (10%), triple (3%), and quadruple (1%). Significant risk factors included school type, socioeconomic status, larger family size, presence of domestic animals, and finger-sucking habits.

conclusionIntestinal parasitic infections remain a significant public health challenge among school-aged children in Africa and Asia. The findings underscore the need for sustained, school-based health programs that integrate regular deworming, hygiene education, and targeted sanitation improvements. Strengthening surveillance and addressing behavioral and environmental risk factors are essential to reducing infection burden and promoting child health.

Indexed as

Developing CountriesIntestinal Diseases, ParasiticAfricaAsiaChildHumansPrevalenceRisk FactorsEpidemiologyInfectionsIntestinal parasiteLow- and middle-income countrySchool-aged children

Identifiers

PMID41559771
PMCPMC12905894

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.