Evidence mapPaperPMID 41560293Full record

ArticleJournal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry2026

Machine Learning for Individual EV Classification Based on Highly Sensitive Multiplexed Mass Spectrometry Measurements.

Muhammad Ramzan, Francis E Godfrey, Anthony Giron, Seonhwa Lee, Dmitriy S Verkhoturov, Stanislav V Verkhoturov, Harmeet Malhi, Alexander Revzin, Emile A Schweikert, Michael J Eller

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Muhammad RamzanDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Northridge, California 91330, United States.
Francis E GodfreyDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Northridge, California 91330, United States.
Anthony GironDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Northridge, California 91330, United States.
Seonhwa LeeDepartment of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States.
Dmitriy S VerkhoturovDepartment of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States.
Stanislav V VerkhoturovDepartment of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States.
Harmeet MalhiDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States.
Alexander RevzinDepartment of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-8737-3250
Emile A SchweikertDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-3964-7998
Michael J EllerDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Northridge, California 91330, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-9069-2180

Funding

Mass spectrometry for highly sensitive and sample-sparing analysis of extracellular vesicles in liver diseasesR01DK134661 · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · 2025 to 2025
$638k
NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK134661
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Here, we report on combining Random Forest (RF) classification with nanoprojectile secondary ion mass spectrometry (NP-SIMS) to analyze single extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from human liver cancer (HEPG2) and Normal liver cell lines. EVs were tagged with antibody-lanthanide (Ln) tags specific to marker proteins and dispersed on a surface, enabling NP-SIMS to produce millions of individual EV mass spectra. Previously, EVs were manually classified based on Ln-tag signals, and as a result, only 5% could be confidently classified as either from cancer or normal cells. Using a random forest model, optimizing data preprocessing, and expanding the spectral features resulted in a 60-fold increase in classification efficiency over manual analysis. We also performed untargeted RF classification, where both supervised and untargeted RF analyses resulted in consistent outcomes, showing the compatibility of RF with the NP-SIMS data for individual EV classification. The results from the untargeted analysis suggest that NP-SIMS with RF could aid in marker discovery in systems where limited sample quantities are available. Overall, using RF and NP-SIMS enables single-EV classification and provides a promising pathway for EV-based disease diagnostics.

Indexed as

Extracellular VesiclesMachine LearningSpectrometry, Mass, Secondary IonClassification AlgorithmsHep G2 CellsHumansLiver NeoplasmsRandom Forest

Identifiers

PMID41560293
PMCPMC13202806

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.