Trial reportAddiction (Abingdon, England)2026
Continuing use of e-cigarettes after stopping smoking and relapse: Secondary analysis of a large randomised controlled trial.
Trial report in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Continuing use of e-cigarettes after stopping smoking and relapse: Secondary analysis of a large randomised controlled trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Trial
- Neuropharmacology of Nicotine Addiction and Therapeutic Strategies for Smoking Cessation.Biology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsSmokers quitting successfully with the help of e-cigarettes often continue vaping. It is not known whether this promotes or prevents relapse back to smoking. This study aimed to determine whether use of e-cigarettes after successful smoking cessation affects the probability of relapse later on.
designSecondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial where participants received combination nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) or e-cigarettes to compare relapse rates in the two study arms and in abstainers who did and did not use e-cigarettes.
settingFour stop-smoking services in the United Kingdom.
participants886 smokers (median age 41, smoking on average 15 cigarettes per day, 48% female) seeking help with stopping smoking. MEASUREMENTS: Main outcome was relapse to smoking by 12 months in participants who were abstinent at 4 weeks or at 6 months. Relapse was defined as abstinence at 4 weeks but not at one year or abstinence at 6 months but not at one year. Abstinence from smoking was defined as no smoking over the past 7 days. E-cigarette use was defined as using e-cigarettes at the time of abstinence on at least one day per week.
findingsAbstainers in the e-cigarette arm were less likely to relapse than abstainers in the NRT arm [relative risk (RR) = 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.64-0.96 for relapse between 4 weeks and 1 year; RR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.55-0.93 for relapse between 6 months and 1 year). Relapse rates over both time periods were also lower in abstainers who used e-cigarettes compared with abstainers who did not use e-cigarettes (RR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.65-0.97 and RR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.57-0.98, respectively).
conclusionsUse of e-cigarettes after stopping smoking is associated with a reduced risk of relapse.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.