Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41560796›Full record

ArticleMaterials today. Bio2026

Metformin glycyrrhetinic acid binary injectable hydrogel for synergistic tumor immunotherapy via spatiotemporal microenvironment remodeling.

Alu Ouyang, Xin Qin, Bo Su, Shaojuan Mo, Jiujun Jiang, Zixin Wang, Yu Li, Jiayu Lu, Yangzheng Lin, Jie Wang and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Materials today. Bio, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Alu OuyangGuangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Precision Detection and Screening, and Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
Xin QinGuangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Precision Detection and Screening, and Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
Bo SuGuangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Precision Detection and Screening, and Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
Shaojuan MoGuangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Precision Detection and Screening, and Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
Jiujun JiangGuangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Precision Detection and Screening, and Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
Zixin WangGuangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Precision Detection and Screening, and Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
Yu LiGuangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Precision Detection and Screening, and Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
Jiayu LuGuangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Precision Detection and Screening, and Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
Yangzheng LinZhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, 528401, China.
Jie WangGuangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Precision Detection and Screening, and Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
Ling FanGuangxi key laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, School of chemistry and chemical engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, 530006, China.
Ronghua JinGuangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Precision Detection and Screening, and Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, orchestrated by tumor cells through multifaceted immune evasion mechanisms, presents a significant challenge to the coordinated regulation of immunocytes. To overcome these limitations, we synthesized metformin glycyrrhetinic acid salt (Met-GA), which exhibits a 189-fold increase in anti-tumor potency compared to free metformin. An injectable Met-GA hydrogel (Met-GA-H) was formed through a "heating-cooling" cycling. To enable in situ gelation at the tumor site, Fe

Indexed as

Immune checkpoint blockadeImmunogenic cell deathInjectable hydrogelMelanomaMetformin glycyrrhetinic acid salts

Identifiers

PMID41560796
PMCPMC12813322

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.