Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41561555›Full record

ArticleBMJ public health2026

How alcohol industries affect public health in Nepal: a qualitative study of commercial sector practices of alcohol industries based on the Lancet model of Commercial Determinants of Health.

Preju Kandel, Pramita Sharma, Madhusudan Subedi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Preju KandelSchool of Public Health, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5846-6863
Pramita SharmaSchool of Public Health, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8032-801X
Madhusudan SubediSchool of Public Health, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6495-0601

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Commercial Determinants of Health (CDoH) are the private sector activities that have direct, indirect, positive or negative impact on human health. CDoH affects risk factors like air pollution, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity and physical inactivity, and various health outcomes. Its influence on alcohol consumption is a serious public health issue. The first paper of the Methods: A qualitative study was carried out in Nepal, comprising interviews of 28 participants from government bodies, civil society and private sector. Participants were carefully selected from a diverse range of fields and expertise, spanning policy and implementation levels to academia, ensuring a well-rounded and insightful exchange of ideas. Interview guides prepared after extensive literature review and content expert's feedback were used. Framework analysis of the transcribed interviews was done, categorising the findings into seven commercial sector practices given by the model of CDoH. Result: Participants from government bodies and civil society shared about the influence of large alcohol industries in policy making. Activists revealed that they were being threatened by alcohol industries for speaking against them. Most shared about the cunning advertisement strategies of alcohol industries such as sponsoring different programmes to promote their products. Participants shared about strict financial monitoring done by the government and poor compliance of alcohol industries to them. They also talked about the involvement in social activities and other tactics of industries to maintain good reputation. Conclusions: The study explored commercial sector practices of alcohol industries in Nepal through multiple stakeholders' experiences and understanding, and how these practices affect public health. These findings underscore the need for strict implementation of policies and can help in evidence-based policymaking, prioritising public health.

Indexed as

HumansPublic HealthPublic Health PracticeSocial Medicine

Identifiers

PMID41561555
PMCPMC12815094

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.