ArticleAnnals of work exposures and health2026
Association of oil spill-related volatile organic compound exposure with CVD-related biomarkers in the Gulf Long-term Follow-up Study.
Article in Annals of work exposures and health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Associations between volatile organic compound mixtures and allostatic load: Evidence from the Green Heart Louisville Project.Environmental research · 2026Article
- Development of In Situ Monitoring Sensor for Oil Spills in the Mediterranean Sea Using Portable Mass Spectrometry.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDuring the Deepwater Horizon disaster in 2010, oil spill response and cleanup (OSRC) workers were exposed to crude oil, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and n-hexane (BTEX-H). Growing evidence links these exposures to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Lipid and C-reactive protein levels are used to assess CVD risk and may serve as mediators of the observed associations with CVD. However, few studies have assessed associations of oil spill cleanup-related exposures with blood levels of lipids and C-reactive protein (CRP).
objectiveThis study examined associations of oil spill cleanup-related exposure to each individual BTEX-H chemical, total (aggregate sum) BTEX-H, and the BTEX-H mixture with blood lipids and CRP among OSRC workers in the Gulf Long-term Follow-up (GuLF) Study.
methodsSubjects comprised 2,544 OSRC workers who completed a home visit (May 2011 to May 2013) and had CVD biomarker measurements. Cumulative exposures to BTEX-H (ppb-days) were estimated using a job-exposure matrix that linked air measurements with self-reported Deepwater Horizon work histories. Study biomarkers were lipids, including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol, and high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP), which were measured in blood samples collected during the home visit. Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations of quartiles of BTEX-H with lipid and hsCRP levels. We log-transformed hsCRP due to a non-normal distribution. We used quantile g-computation to assess the joint effect of the BTEX-H mixture.
resultsEach BTEX-H chemical was associated with elevations in total cholesterol up to 3 yr after exposure, with the strongest effect estimates in the top quartile, ranging from 2.3 to 5.1 mg/dL. A one quartile simultaneous increase in the BTEX-H mixture was associated with a 1.7 mg/dL increase in total cholesterol. While trends were less consistent for hsCRP, most estimates were above the null and a one quartile increase in exposure to the BTEX-H mixture was associated with a 3% increase in hsCRP.
conclusionOur study suggests that oil spill cleanup-related BTEX-H exposures were associated with elevations in some CVD biomarkers.
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