Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41564893›Full record

Trial reportEuropean heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy2026

Effect of beta blockers in acute and chronic coronary syndromes without reduced ejection fraction: a landmark analysis from the REBOOT trial.

Xavier Rossello, José A Barrabés, Massimo Piepoli, Alberto Dominguez-Rodriguez, Pedro L Sánchez, Manuel Anguita, Sergio Raposeiras-Roubín, Giulietta Grigis, Jaume Agüero, Ruth Owen and 15 more

Abstract readRandomized Controlled TrialMulticenter StudyComparative Study
In one paragraph

Trial report in European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

25 authors.

Xavier RosselloClinical Research Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-6783-8463
José A BarrabésCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares -CIBERCV-, Madrid 28029, Spain.
Massimo PiepoliCardiology Department, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza 29100, Italy.
Alberto Dominguez-RodriguezCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares -CIBERCV-, Madrid 28029, Spain.
Pedro L SánchezCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares -CIBERCV-, Madrid 28029, Spain.
Manuel AnguitaCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares -CIBERCV-, Madrid 28029, Spain.
Sergio Raposeiras-RoubínClinical Research Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain.
Giulietta GrigisDipartimento Di Cardiologia, Ospedale Bolognini, Seriate 24068, Italy.
Jaume AgüeroCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares -CIBERCV-, Madrid 28029, Spain.
Ruth OwenClinical Research Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain.
Stuart PocockClinical Research Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain.
Carlos Nicolás Pérez-GarcíaClinical Research Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain.
Noemí EscaleraClinical Research Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain.
Andrea KallmeyerCardiology Department, University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid 28040, Spain.
Alessandro SionisCardiology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona 08025, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-0843-9512
Lidia StaszewskyDepartment of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan 20156, Italy.
Alfonso TorresCardiology Department,Hospital Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01009, Spain.
Rocio BarqueroCardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Macarena, Sevilla 410042, Spain.
Felipe Fernández-VazquezCardiology Department, Hospital Universiario de León, León 24008, Spain.
Francisco MarínCardiology Department, Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca and University of Murcia, Murcia 30120, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-7246-7708
Alfredo VetranoCardiology Department, Ospedale S. Anna e S. Sebastiano, Caserta 81100, Italy.
Pablo PastorDepartment of Cardiology, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Lleida, Spain.
Valentín FusterClinical Research Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain.
Roberto LatiniDepartment of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan 20156, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-3729-4650
Borja IbanezClinical Research Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-5036-254X

Funding

Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y UniversidadesSevero Ochoa Center of Excellence CEX2020-001041-S
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsCurrent guidelines recommend beta-blocker therapy after myocardial infarction (MI) regardless of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). However, recent trials question their benefit in patients with preserved LVEF. No study has yet compared beta-blocker effects during the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) phase (≤1 year post-MI) vs. the chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) phase (>1 year). METHODS AND

resultsIn this pre-specified landmark analysis of the REBOOT trial, we evaluated the effect of beta-blocker therapy on outcomes in two post-MI phases: the ACS period (first year; cohort 1, n = 8438) and the CCS period (>1 year, event-free patients with follow-up; cohort 2, n = 7783). The primary endpoint was all-cause death, nonfatal reinfarction, or heart failure hospitalization; secondary endpoints included individual and additional cardiovascular events. Among 623 primary outcome events, 238 occurred in the first year (28.9/1000 patient-years) and 385 thereafter (19.3/1000 patient-years). Secondary prevention use was generally high, but patients with early events had lower prescription rates than those with late events or no events. Beta-blockers were not associated with lower risk of the primary or component outcomes in either phase. A nonsignificant trend towards benefit of beta-blockers appeared during the first year in patients with mildly reduced LVEF (41-49%), whereas in the CCS phase, higher beta-blocker doses were associated with worse outcomes.

conclusionIn invasively treated MI patients with LVEF >40%, beta-blockers did not reduce adverse outcomes in either the ACS or CCS phases. These findings challenge their routine use in this population and support reconsidering current guidelines. Long-term beta-blocker users after MI may be candidates for deprescription.

Indexed as

Acute Coronary SyndromeAdrenergic beta-AntagonistsMyocardial InfarctionSecondary PreventionStroke VolumeVentricular Function, LeftAgedChronic DiseaseFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRecurrenceRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsTime FactorsAdrenergic beta-AntagonistsAcute coronary syndromebeta blockersChronic coronary syndromeLandmark analysisRandomized controlled trial

Identifiers

PMID41564893
PMCPMC12946967

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.