Evidence mapPaperPMID 41565229Full record

SynthesisAsia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition2026

Persevering or quitting? A systematic review of adherence and dropout in nutrition and exercise interventions for sarcopenic obesity.

Jing Zhang, Yu Wang, Mayan Shen, Peipei Chen, Qiong Wang, Kang Yu

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. The Indian Obesity Paradox- Low in Muscle, High in Fat.Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Jing ZhangDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Yu WangDepartment of Acupuncture, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Mayan ShenSchool of Nursing, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Peipei ChenDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sci-ences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Qiong WangDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sci-ences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Kang YuDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sci-ences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. Email: yuk1997@sina.com.

Funding

2025 Henan University of Chinese Medicine Scientific Research Nursery Program 2025MPZK09Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities- Peking Union Medical College 3332025181National Key R&D Program of China 2022YFF1100600National Key R&D Program of China 2022YFF1100604
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectivesThe global rise in sarcopenic obesity necessitates identifying key adherence determinants in nutritional and exercise interventions to optimize outcomes. This systematic review identifies characteristics affecting adherence and dropout in these interventions. METHODS AND STUDY

designWe searched Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library through January 2025, including reference lists. Using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, we assessed RCTs on nutritional/exercise interventions for sarcopenic obesity. High heterogeneity and insufficient adherence reporting precluded meta-analysis for adherence; outcomes were narratively synthesized. For dropout rates, meta-analysis was conducted, including subgroup analyses (exercise, nutrition, multi-component) and meta-regression to explore moderators.

resultsFrom 1,205 records, 57 studies (4,166 participants) were included. The overall dropout rate was 9%, increasing with intervention duration. Only 45.6% of studies reported adherence data. Among exercise interventions, elastic resistance had the highest adherence (91.5%), resistance training the lowest (85%). In nutritional interventions, low-calorie diets with nutraceuticals outperformed diet-only (92.1% vs. 77%). Professionally supervised interventions showed superior adherence to self-monitored programs.

conclusionsCurrent trials often inadequately report adherence data, with longer durations correlating to higher dropout rates. Evidence suggests elastic resistance exercise, low-calorie diets with nutraceuticals, and professional supervision may improve adherence. Future research should refine intervention methods and prioritize adherence reporting to enhance sarcopenic obesity care quality.

Indexed as

ExerciseExercise TherapyNutrition TherapyObesityPatient CompliancePatient DropoutsSarcopeniaHumansattendanceinterventionsnutritionphysical activitysarcopenic obesity

Identifiers

PMID41565229
PMCPMC12823263

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.