Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41565231›Full record

Trial reportAsia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition2026

Multivitamin supplements are not superior to nutrition education in improving fat-soluble vitamin levels: A double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Sumanye Yusupu, Yaqi Yang, Xuyang Geng, Zefang Lin, Taoping Sun, Zhihong Wang, Hongyun Lu, Yao Deng

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Sumanye Yusupu *Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Zhuhai, China.
Yaqi Yang *School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
Xuyang GengZhuhai Precision Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Zhuhai, China.
Zefang LinZhuhai Precision Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Zhuhai, China.
Taoping SunZhuhai Precision Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Zhuhai, China.
Zhihong WangZhuhai Precision Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Zhuhai, China.
Hongyun LuDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Zhuhai, China. Email: luhongyun@jnu.edu.cn.
Yao DengZhuhai Precision Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Zhuhai, China. Email: Yaodeng030@ext.jnu.edu.cn.

Funding

Medical Science and Technology Research Foundation of Guangdong Province B2023227Xiangshan Talented Scientific Research Project of Zhuhai People's Hospital 2021XSYC-03
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectivesVitamin deficiencies are closely associated with the development of chronic diseases. Therefore, effective and safe intervention strategies are critical to improving vitamin nutritional status. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and differential impacts of nutrition education and multi-vitamin supplementation, providing a basis for selecting safer intervention strategies. METHODS AND STUDY

designA 4-week, double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted among 155 adults (aged 18-65 years) with confirmed deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, or E). Participants were randomly assigned to receive either nutrition education with a multivitamin supplement or nutrition education with placebo. The concentrations of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, or E), as well as their deficiency rates, were compared before and after the intervention.

resultsA total of 155 participants completed the study. There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics between the two groups. In both groups, the concentration of vitamins (A, D, or E) significantly increased (all p < 0.001), and the deficiency rates for all three vitamins significantly decreased (all p < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in the concentrations or deficiency rates of vitamins (A, D, or E) between the two groups after intervention (all p > 0.05).

conclusionsMultivitamin supplements are not superior to nutrition education. Nutrition education alone may be a safer and effective approach to addressing deficiencies in vitamins A, D, and E, while reducing the risks as-sociated with unnecessary vitamin supplementation in the general population.

Indexed as

Dietary SupplementsHealth EducationVitaminsAdolescentAdultAgedDouble-Blind MethodFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNutritional StatusYoung AdultVitaminsfat soluble vitaminsmultivitamin supplementsnutrition educationrandomized controlled trialvitamin deficiency

Identifiers

PMID41565231
PMCPMC12823257

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.