Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41566475›Full record

ArticleBMC pediatrics2026

Improving diagnosis and management of pediatric ovarian masses: development of a risk stratification model incorporating sonographic and clinical features.

Likai Chu, Zhiming Chen, Mingzhi Zhang, Tianna Cai, Min Zhang, Shuangquan Lu

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Article in BMC pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Likai ChuDepartment of Ultrasound, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Zhong Nan Road No.92, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China.ORCID 0009-0002-4940-122X
Zhiming ChenDepartment of Ultrasound, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Zhong Nan Road No.92, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China.
Mingzhi ZhangDepartment of Ultrasound, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Zhong Nan Road No.92, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China.
Tianna CaiDepartment of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Min ZhangDepartment of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Shuangquan LuDepartment of Ultrasound, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Zhong Nan Road No.92, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China. lushuangquan0504@sina.com.ORCID 0009-0004-8457-899X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo develop and validate a pediatric-specific prediction model for discriminating malignant from benign ovarian masses in Chinese children, aiming to reduce unnecessary surgeries for physiological follicular cysts.

methodsThis single-center retrospective study analyzed 344 consecutive patients ≤ 18 years undergoing ovarian surgery (2018–2024). Three blinded radiologists assessed sonographic parameters: maximum mass diameter and solid component proportion (Categorized as < 20%, 20–40%, 40–60%, 60–80%, > 80%). Multivariate logistic regression integrated clinical features, tumor markers, and sonographic variables to construct a malignancy prediction model. Diagnostic performance was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

resultsGerm cell tumors (GCTs) predominated (72.7%, 253/348), with malignant lesions comprising 11.5% (40/348). Solid component proportion > 80% was the strongest malignancy predictor (odds ratio[OR] = 576.5, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 74.0–4,492.6; *p* < 0.001). The combined model (Mass size + Solid component proportion) achieved superior diagnostic accuracy (Area under the curve [AUC] = 0.93, sensitivity 87.5%, specificity 83.2%), outperforming single parameters (Solid component proportion AUC = 0.86; Mass size AUC = 0.76). In addition to key clinical discriminators such as older age, absence of precocious puberty, and larger tumor size, the exclusive presence of sonographic features like septations (28.3%) and calcifications (5.7%) in epithelial tumors (*p* < 0.001 vs. follicular cysts) provides a reliable basis for differentiation, enabling a significant reduction in unnecessary surgeries for physiological cysts.

conclusionThis study establishes an evidence-based prediction model for Chinese pediatric ovarian masses, redefining malignancy risk stratification through quantitative sonographic thresholds. Furthermore, it identifies key discriminators (Septations, Calcifications, alongside Age, Precocious puberty and Mass size) to differentiate physiological follicular cysts from neoplastic epithelial tumors. The integration of solid component proportion > 40% and tumor biomarkers optimizes preoperative decision-making, which can significantly reduce unwarranted surgery for benign conditions while ensuring timely intervention for high-risk cases.

Indexed as

Ovarian NeoplasmsAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolDiagnosis, DifferentialFemaleHumansLogistic ModelsOvarian CystsRetrospective StudiesRisk AssessmentROC CurveSensitivity and SpecificityUltrasonographyGynecologyOvarian malignancyOvarian massPediatric surgerySonography

Identifiers

PMID41566475
PMCPMC12952166

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.