Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41567621›Full record

ReviewHuman reproduction open2026

Lateral distribution of endometriotic lesions: the anatomical recesses hypothesis. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Veronica Bandini, Sonia Cipriani, Chiara Pillinini, Stefano Angioni, Ludovica Bartiromo, Anna Biasioli, Massimo Candiani, Valerio Carletti, Maurizio Nicola D'Alterio, Domenico Incandela and 23 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Human reproduction open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

33 authors.

Veronica BandiniAcademic Centre for Research on Adenomyosis and Endometriosis, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1788-9670
Sonia CiprianiGynecology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0530-499X
Chiara PillininiAcademic Centre for Research on Adenomyosis and Endometriosis, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7292-6853
Stefano AngioniDivision of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2314-0028
Ludovica BartiromoGynecology/Obstetrics Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2926-8943
Anna BiasioliClinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, Udine, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7635-6171
Massimo CandianiGynecology/Obstetrics Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2129-2626
Valerio CarlettiDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8375-6115
Maurizio Nicola D'AlterioDivision of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9874-1488
Domenico IncandelaObstetrics and Gynecology Unit, ARNAS Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli, Palermo, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9372-5200
Lucia LazzeriDepartment of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Obstetrics, Gynecological Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9513-1980
Antonio MaioranaObstetrics and Gynecology Unit, ARNAS Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli, Palermo, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7122-6136
Ludovico MuziiDepartment of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7195-9583
Alessio PerandiniObstetrics and Gynecology Division B, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7472-4744
Federica PerelliDepartment of Women and Child Health, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Florence, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5508-0875
Maria Grazia PorporaDepartment of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5556-3933
Diego RaimondoDivision of Gynecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3235-4378
Valentino RemorgidaDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5043-6676
Giulia RoveroDepartment of Women and Child Health, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Florence, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3156-0484
Federica SavastaDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7722-7832
Stefano ScarperiObstetrics and Gynecology Division B, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7748-0708
Matteo SchimberniGynecology/Obstetrics Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3654-9516
Renato SeracchioliDivision of Gynecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7487-1333
Eugenio SolimaDepartment of Biomedical Science for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0777-9980
Giuseppe SorrentiDepartment of Gynecology, San Carlo Nancy Hospital, Rome, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6484-5166
Roberta VenturellaDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1359-770X
Michele VignaliDepartment of Biomedical Science for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9806-3741
Giuseppe VizzielliClinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, Udine, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2424-2691
Veronica YacoubDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9706-7188
Fulvio ZulloDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3726-7561
Errico ZupiDepartment of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Obstetrics, Gynecological Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0735-6301
Paolo VercelliniAcademic Centre for Research on Adenomyosis and Endometriosis, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4195-0996
Endometriosis Treatment Italian Club

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

study questionAre endometriotic lesions affecting bilateral organs or anatomical structures distributed symmetrically on both sides of the body? SUMMARY ANSWER: The left-sided preponderance of pelvic endometriotic lesions, and the right-sided dominance of thoracic and inguinal lesions, suggest that endometriotic lesions exhibit a non-random, asymmetric lateral distribution. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Evaluating the anatomical distribution of endometriotic lesions may elucidate the underlying pathogenic mechanism(s) of the disease. If the coelomic metaplasia or embryonic cell remnant theory is correct, a symmetrical right-left pattern would be expected. Conversely, retrograde menstruation would likely result in asymmetrical distribution, influenced by gravity, peritoneal fluid circulation, and anatomical niches. STUDY DESIGN SIZE DURATION: This systematic review with meta-analysis included full-length, English-language articles published up to 10 June 2024. Literature searches were performed in PubMed/Medline and Embase databases with the keyword 'endometriosis', 'lateral', 'distribution', 'right', 'left', and 'asymmetry'. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS SETTING

methodsThe review focused on anatomical structures commonly affected by endometriosis with surgically defined right or left laterality: ovaries, uterosacral ligaments, colon, ureters, inguinal regions, and hemithorax (diaphragm, pleura, lungs). Case reports were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-I for non-randomized studies and a dedicated tool for case series. Meta-analyses of proportions were conducted in R. Heterogeneity was quantified using the MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: Of 6356 articles screened, 154 met the inclusion criteria. A statistically significant left-sided preponderance was observed for ovarian (58%; 95% CI: 57-60%; LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION: The preponderance of retrospective studies, the variability in surgical procedures, and the potential difficulties in accurately distinguishing unilateral from bilateral lesions may have influenced the magnitude of the estimated difference. However, the large patient cohorts, geographical diversity, and consistent asymmetry across lesion types strengthen the results' validity and generalizability. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE

findingsThe pattern of endometriotic lesion distribution, including the opposite asymmetry observed in the pelvis and upper abdomen/thorax, can be explained by factors influencing dissemination and implantation of refluxed endometrial cells. However, it cannot be explained as well by the coelomic metaplasia or embryonic cell remnant theories. This may have important clinical implications, providing a pathogenic basis for secondary prevention strategies. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS: The open access facility of this paper was funded by the Italian Ministry of Health, Current research IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico. P.V. is a member of the Editorial Board of REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42024511356 (PROSPERO).

Indexed as

colondiaphragmendometriosisinguinal regionlungovarypleuraureteruterosacral ligament

Identifiers

PMID41567621
PMCPMC12816922

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.