SynthesisFrontiers in medicine2025
Novel antidiabetic agents and the risk of respiratory diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 27 randomized controlled trials.
Synthesis in Frontiers in medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Therapeutic Potential of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Respiratory Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- GLP-1 receptor agonists and obstructive lung disease: Beyond metabolic control to respiratory outcomes.Metabolism open · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at increased risk of respiratory diseases, but the effects of novel glucose-lowering drugs on respiratory diseases remain unclear. Method: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 27 large randomized controlled trials (202,727 participants) assessing sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is). Prespecified outcomes included pneumonia, bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, respiratory failure, and asthma. Pairwise and network meta-analyses were performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). This review was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251158592). Result: Compared with placebo, SGLT2is significantly reduced the risk of six respiratory diseases: pneumonia (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.77-0.92), bronchitis (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.44-0.79), COPD (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.64-0.90), pulmonary edema (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.39-0.67), respiratory failure (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.64-0.91), and asthma (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.38-0.85). Benefits were broadly consistent in patients with and without T2D. GLP-1RAs were neutral in T2D but reduced pneumonia, respiratory failure, and asthma risk in obese populations. DPP-4is were largely neutral but increased asthma risk (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.03-2.82). Conclusion: SGLT2 inhibitors showed robust respiratory protection that appeared largely independent of diabetes status, GLP-1 receptor agonists may provide benefit in obesity, and DPP-4 inhibitors offered limited advantage with a potential asthma risk. Our findings should be viewed as hypothesis generating, with concepts requiring validation in future studies. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD420251158592, identifier PROSPERO (CRD420251158592).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.