Evidence mapPaperPMID 41567714Full record

ArticleEClinicalMedicine2026

Gestational diabetes and stillbirth: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Victoria Bradley, Livia Samara, Miriam Toolan, Amelia Atkinson, Deborah M Caldwell, Abigail Fraser, Shakila Thangaratinam, Gemma Clayton, Abi Merriel

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Victoria BradleyCentre for Women's Health Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Livia SamaraUniversity Hospitals Bristol and Weston, United Kingdom.
Miriam ToolanPopulation Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, United Kingdom.
Amelia AtkinsonCDHB Health, Te Whatu Ora, New Zealand.
Deborah M CaldwellPopulation Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, United Kingdom.
Abigail FraserPopulation Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, United Kingdom.
Shakila ThangaratinamCentre for Women's Health Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Gemma ClaytonPopulation Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, United Kingdom.
Abi MerrielCentre for Women's Health Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Globally, around 2 million pregnancies each year end in stillbirth, with the majority occurring in low and middle-income countries. The association between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and stillbirth has been widely researched but the evidence is increasingly controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the risk of stillbirth associated with GDM, and examine whether this risk differs according to country income status and GDM screening method. Methods: We searched Scopus, Cinahl, Cochrane Central, ISRCTN, Medline, Embase and Epistemonikos on the 9th May 2025 from inception to May 2025 with no restrictions based on language, study location or time. We included cohort studies that estimated the association of interest. We conducted a random effects meta-analysis by study design and sub-group analyses by country income level and GDM screening method. (PROSPERO CRD4201800057). Findings: 101 included studies (92,915,856 women) presented unadjusted results, 19 reported adjusted results (63,629,536 women). Meta-analysis of adjusted cohort data did not show evidence of an association between a diagnosis of GDM and the risk of stillbirth worldwide (OR 0.81, 95% CI: 0.68-0.97; I Interpretation: Increased screening, timely diagnosis and effective management strategies for GDM in high-income countries, such as induction of labour and increased antenatal care, may be responsible for the reduced risk of stillbirth in women with GDM. Further research is needed to identify the optimum strategy for screening and management in low and middle-income settings to reduce preventable stillbirths worldwide. Funding: None.

Indexed as

Gestational diabetesObstetricsStillbirth

Identifiers

PMID41567714
PMCPMC12818070

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.