Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41567756›Full record

ArticleTransplantation direct2026

Longitudinal Peripheral Blood Transcriptomics Reveal Novel Signatures During Cardiac Allograft Rejection.

Rachad Ghazal, Min Wang, Akshatha N Srinivas, Jenny J Cao, Hridyanshu Vyas, Duan Liu, Asha Nair, Byron H Smith, Li Wang, Daniel S Yip and 9 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Transplantation direct, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Rachad GhazalDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Min WangDepartment of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Akshatha N SrinivasDepartment of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Jenny J CaoDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Hridyanshu VyasDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Duan LiuDepartment of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Asha NairDepartment of Computational Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Byron H SmithDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL.
Li WangDepartment of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Daniel S YipDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL.
Parag C PatelDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL.
David E SteidleyDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ.
Brian W HardawayDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ.
Alfredo L ClavellDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Sudhir S KushwahaDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Walter D ParkDepartment of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Mark D StegallDepartment of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Howard J EisenDivison of Cardiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA.
Naveen L PereiraDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3813-3469

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Acute cellular rejection (ACR) remains a major cause of morbidity after heart transplantation despite advances in immunosuppression. Whole genome transcriptomic profiling offers a systems-based, unbiased approach to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying ACR. However, noninvasive, longitudinal biomarker assessments capable of capturing the temporal dynamics of rejection biology remain scarce. Methods: RNA sequencing of peripheral blood from heart transplant recipients before, during, and after ACR was compared with nonrejection controls. Pathway analysis was conducted using differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and a machine learning approach was applied to assess gene-based prediction of ACR. Results: A total of 235 rejection-specific significant DEGs and 863 postrejection DEGs (false discovery rate < 0.05) were identified. During ACR, DEGs were enriched for T-cell activation/differentiation, apoptosis, and B-cell receptor signaling pathways. By combining the 2 sets of DEGs, a panel of 71 common genes was identified that reflected the significant, longitudinal transcriptomic dynamics of ACR. In an elastic net machine learning-based classifier, Conclusions: Peripheral blood transcriptomics identify dynamic temporal responses in ACR including T- and B-cell pathways with potential ACR predictive genes that warrant further investigation.

Identifiers

PMID41567756
PMCPMC12818864

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.